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Ebook Obesity-A practical guide: Part 2

(BQ) Part 2 book "Obesity-A practical guide" presents the following contents: Obesity and gastrointestinal disorders in children, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obesity, polycystic ovary syndrome and obesity, obesity and cancer, obesity and thyroid cancer, depression and obesity, obstetrical risks in obesity,. | Obesity and Gastrointestinal Disorders in Children Uma Padhye Phatak Madhura Y. Phadke and Dinesh S. Pashankar 12 Introduction Obesity in childhood is a major problem facing pediatricians all over the world. In the United States the prevalence of obesity defined as body mass index BMI at or above 95th percentile for age and gender increased from 5 before 1980 to 17 in 2012 among 2-to19-years-old children 1 . Similar to the United States the prevalence of obesity is rising throughout the world 2 . It is now a global health issue and affects children in both developed and developing countries 3-5 . As in adults obesity in children can lead to many health-related complications. Obesity in children is associated with several co-morbidities including diabetes hepatic steatosis hypertension dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome. In addition to these diseases obesity adversely affects the psychosocial well-being and the quality of life of children 6-9 . Recent studies in adults and children have reported an association between obesity and a wide range of gastrointestinal disorders 10 . The U.P Phatak MD M.Y. Phadke MD D.S. Pashankar MD MRCP Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology Department of Pediatrics Yale University School of Medicine 333 Cedar Street LMP 4091 New Haven CT 06520 USA e-mail uma.phatak@yale.edu madhura.phadke@yale.edu dinesh.pashankar@yale.edu common gastrointestinal disorders in children include gastroesophageal reflux GER functional gastrointestinal disorders FGID such as constipation and irritable bowel syndrome and organic gastrointestinal disorders such as celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease IBD . In this chapter we discuss association of obesity and these disorders in children. We describe prevalence possible mechanisms and treatment implications of this association for the practicing physician. Obesity and GER Gastroesophageal reflux is a very prevalent problem in adults and children. There is convincing evidence in adults that obesity is