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Poultry of the Middle in the U.S.: ‘Implications for Sustainable Producers & Scaling Up’

This biosecurity manual reflects the minimum standard to apply to all poultry operations. Some elements may not be relevant to certain species, in particular those referring to a batch type operation as it is practiced in the broiler industry. While ratites (emus and ostriches) are classified as poultry, their size and production practices are substantially different from those of other species. For this reason, several of the requirements do not generally apply to the production of ratites but do apply to the sheds used for incubation/ hatching and the enclosed brooder sheds holding young ratite chicks. The paragraphs which have such. | Poultry of the Middle in the U.S. Implications for Sustainable Producers Scaling Up Laurie S. Z. Greenberg Cultural Landscapes LLC for The Agriculture-of-the Middle Initiative July 2007 1 A General Map of Poultry of the Middle Table of Contents INTRODUCTION 3 PURPOSE 3 METHODS 4 BACKGROUND 4 Growth of the chicken industry 4 Agriculture of the Middle 6 Poultry production processing in the U.S. Two extremes 7 POULTRY OF THE MIDDLE 9 Who s in the middle 9 Specialization by production system 11 Specialization by processing technology 14 Some examples of mid-sized companies 16 ISSUES IN POULTRY OF THE MIDDLE 21 Issues to consider 21 Conclusion 26 REFERENCES CITED 27 APPENDIX A SMALL-SCALE POULTRY PROCESSING IN WISCONSIN 29 2 A General Map of Poultry of the Middle A General Map of Poultry of the Middle Introduction Purpose of the study Poultry meat production in the United States is dominated by a small group of companies that produce meat at very large scale. In addition to their industrial scale of production these companies have two dominant characteristics. They are 1 Vertically-integrated and 2 Consolidated and continuing to undergo further consolidation. In 2006 the top 10 largest corporations controlled 76.6 of the chicken raised for meat in this country and the top three companies controlled 53.1 of the industry Thornton 2007 . At the other end of the size continuum chicken producers tend to be small and mid-sized farmers or farmer cooperatives that raise a specialty product---often free-range or organic. Their own the birds and slaughter either on-farm or in small locally-owned processing facilities. These birds are sold directly by the farmers to consumers retail stores restaurants and other outlets that are scales appropriately. But somewhere between these few corporate giants and the thousands of small-scale limited distribution directly-marketed birds of local farmers lies a very diverse group of businesses that we refer to in this report as Poultry of the .