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Ebook Imaging of orthopaedic fixation devices and prostheses: Part 2

(BQ) Part 2 book "Imaging of orthopaedic fixation devices and prostheses" presents the following contents: The foot and ankle, the shoulder, humeral shaft fractures, the elbow, the radius and ulna, hand and wrist, musculoskeletal neoplasms. | 8 The Foot and Ankle his chapter will focus on foot and ankle disorders requiring orthopaedic instrumentation including trauma common orthopaedic procedures and joint replacement. Clinical evaluation treatment options and complications will be reviewed. Preoperative imaging and imaging of complications will be emphasized. Trauma The management of foot and ankle fractures is a common problem for orthopaedic surgeons emergency physicians family physicians and radiologists. Imaging plays an important role in detection and classification of bone and soft tissue injuries so that appropriate treatment plans can be instituted. Discussion of specific injuries is most easily accomplished by anatomic regions. Therefore ankle hind foot mid foot and forefoot injuries will be discussed separately. Ankle Fractures Approximately 10 of emergency department visits are related to ankle injuries typically presenting as sprains. The number of ankle injuries in adults especially those older than 50 years has been constantly increasing. The highest incidence is in women aged 75 to 84 years. Most fractures involve the lateral malleolus with isolated malleolar fractures accounting for 67 of ankle fractures. Most fractures involve the lateral malleolus with isolated fractures accounting for 67 of ankle fractures. Twenty five percent of ankle fractures are bimalleolar and about 7 trimalleolar. Approximately 2 of adult ankle fractures are open injuries. In children ankle fractures account for 5 of all skeletal fractures and 15 of physeal injuries. Adult and pediatric ankle fractures are managed somewhat differently and will be reviewed separately. Adult Ankle Fractures When evaluating ankle fractures an accurate assessment of fracture location appearance and displacement is critical. Associated soft tissue or ligament injuries are also important to detect for appropriate management of the injury. When evaluating ankle injuries it is helpful to consider the bones and ligaments as a ring-like