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An Overview of the Poultry Sector and Status of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) in Kenya —Background Paper

Family poultry is defined as small-scale poultry keeping by households using family labour and, wherever possible, locally available feed resources. The poultry may range freely in the household compound and find much of their own food, getting supplementary amounts from the householder. Participants at a 1989 workshop in Ile-Ife, Nigeria, defined rural poultry as a flock of less than 100 birds, of unimproved or improved breed, raised in either extensive or intensive farming systems. Labour is not salaried, but drawn from the family household (Sonaiya 1990b). Family poultry was additionally clarified as “small flocks managed by individual farm families in. | A Collaborative Research Project Funded by Department for 11 II International B B- Development HPAÌ HK.MIT PAIHOUtNM AVIAN INHUI NZA PRO-POOR HPAI RISK REDUCTION Implemented by An Overview of the Poultry Sector and Status of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza HPAI in Kenya Background Paper John M. Omiti Sam O. Okuthe IFPRT INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE ILRI INTERNATIONAL LIVESTOCK RESEARCH INSTITUTE Africa Indonesia Team Working Paper No. 4 Pro-Poor HPAI Risk Reduction Table of Contents Page PREFACE.VI ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS.VIII EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.X 1. INTRODUCTION.1 1.1 Motivation.1 1.2 Significance and scope.1 1.3 Summary of key findings.1 1.4 Road map.2 2. VITAL COUnTrY statistics.3 2.1 Size and location. 3 2.2 National capital and its population.5 2.3 Gross domestic product.6 2.4 Human Development Indicators.8 2.5 Administrative regions and their population.9 2.6 Information gaps.9 3. AN OVERVIEW OF THE ECONOMICS AND STRUCTURE OF THE POULTRY SECTOR.10 3.1 Contribution of the poultry sector to the GDP.10 3.2 Linkage of the poultry sector to other industries.11 3.3 Structure of the poultry sector.12 3.4 Poultry production marketing consumption and trade.18 3.5 Knowledge gaps . 24 4. POULTRY aNd RUrAL livelihoods.25 4.1 Backyard poultry production - labour and gender issues.25 4.2 Importance of poultry in household income.27 4.3 Importance of poultry in nutrition and food security.27 4.4 Importance of poultry in local culture and or religion.28 4.5 Gaps in knowledge.29 5. revieW of poultrY sector and bio security.30 5.1 Breeding sub-system.30 5.2 Farms rearing parent stock and hatcheries.36 5.3 Producers of commercial broilers and layers.37 5.4 Backyard poultry production.46 5.5 Support service actors.49 5.6 Informal sector chicken and egg traders.52 5.7 Production systems and biosecurity.55 5.8 Imports.56 5.9 Knowledge gaps in the poultry sector and biosecurity.58 6. PREVIOUS HPAI RESEARCH aNd FInDiNGS in KENYA.60 6.1 Previous studies.60 6.2 .