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Báo cáo khoa học: Enzymes in organic media Forms, functions and applications

Enzyme catalysis in low water containing organic solvents is finding an increasing number of applications in diverse areas.This review focuses on some aspects which have not been reviewed elsewhere.Different strategies for obtaining higher activity and stability in such media are described.In this context, the damaging role of lyophilization and the means of overcoming such effects are discussed.Ultrasoni-cation and microwave assistance are two emerging approa-ches for enhancing reaction rates in low water media. Control of water activity and medium engineering are two crucial approaches in optimization of catalytic behaviour in nonaqueous enzymology | Eur. J. Biochem. 271 2575-2583 2004 FEBS 2004 doi 10.1111 j.1432-1033.2004.04163.x REVIEW ARTICLE Enzymes in organic media Forms functions and applications Munishwar N. Gupta and Ipsita Roy Chemistry Department Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Hauz Khas New Delhi India Enzyme catalysis in low water containing organic solvents is finding an increasing number of applications in diverse areas. Til is eeviw focuses on some aspects which have not been reviewed elsewhere. Difiercnt ttrategies I or obtaíning higher activity and stability in such media are described. n n this context the damaging role of lyophilization and the means of overcoming such effects are discussed. 111 r asf mi -cation and microwave assistance are two emerging approaches for enhancing reaction rates in low water media. Control of water activity and medium engineering are two crucial approaches in optimization of catalytic behaviour in nonaqueous enzymology. Oegenometaliies ndd sentVesis modification of polymers are two areas where nonaqueous enzymology can play a greater role in the coming years. The greater understanding of enzyme behaviour in nonaqueous media is expected to lead to larger and even more diverse kinds of applications. Keywords antibodies in organic solvents enzymes in organic solvents high activity enzyme formulations medium engineering microwave assisted enzymatic reactions synthesis and modification of polymers. Introduction The use of enzymes in organic media with low water content has been one of the most exciting facets of enzymology in recent times. Iff importunee ann be apprc-ciated from the fact that at least four books 1-4 and numerous reviews 5-7 are available on the subject. It ÍS an area in which applications and phenomena preceded the understanding of catalysis at the molecular level. Aeso it is an area in which enzymologists continue to discover unexpected and yet fundamental behaviour of biocatalysts. Thus the excitement has not yet abated.The present review .