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Earth Science: The Physical Setting

Science is a way of making and using observations. The ap- plications of science have played a central role in the ad- vancement of civilization.The Latin origin of the word science (scire) can be translated as “to know.” While some people might think of scientific conclusions as unchanging facts, our understanding is never complete. As the understanding of nature grows, old ideas that no longer seem to fit our obser- vations are discarded. The so-called facts of science are often temporary while the methods of science (observation and analysis) are permanent | The Physical Setting Thomas McGuire A M s c o AM SCO SCHOOL PUBLICATIONS INC. 315 Hudson Street New York N.Y. 10013 The publisher would like to thank the following teachers who reviewed the manuscript. Dr. James R. Ebert Professor Earth Science Education SUNY College at Oneonta Oneonta New York Howard Gottehrer Former Earth Science Teacher Martin Van Buren High School Queens Village New York Thomas Lewis Earth Science Mentor Monroe BOCES 2 Rochester New York Bernadette Tomaselli Science Department Chair Lancaster High School Lancaster New York Gary Vorwald Science Department Chair Paul J. Gelinas Junior High School Setauket New York Editor Margaret Pearce Text and Cover Design Mel Haber Composition Northeastern Graphic Inc. Art Hadel Studio Cover Photo Getty Images Inc. Herbert and Bow Lakes Banff National Park Canada Please visit our Web site at www.amscopub.com When ordering this book please specify R 797 H or eArth SCiEnCE The physical setting hardbound ISBN 0-87720-196-X Copyright 2005 by Amsco School Publications Inc. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 07 06 05 04 To the Student Earth Science The Physical Setting which follows the New York State Core Curriculum is an introduction to the study of Earth Science. With this book you can gain a firm understanding of the fundamental concepts of Earth Sci-ence a base from which you may confidently proceed to further studies in science and enjoy a deeper appreciation of the world around you. You also will need to become familiar with the Earth Science Reference Tables a document prepared by the New York State Education Department. You will find the individual tables within the appropriate chapters of this text. You can obtain a copy of the entire document from your teacher or it can be downloaded from the State Education Web site www.nysed.gov . This book is designed to make learning easier for .