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Mechanical Engineers Data Handbook Episode 12

Tham khảo tài liệu 'mechanical engineers data handbook episode 12', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | ENGINEERING MATERIALS 265 Coefficients of linear expansion a X106 C at normal temperature unless otherwise stated Material a Material a Material a Aluminium 23 Gold 14 Rubber natural soft 150-220 29 0-600 C 15 0-500 C natural hard 80 Antimony II Granite 8.3 nitrile 110 Brass 19 Graphite 7.9 silicone 185 Brick 5 Gunmetal 18 Sandstone 12 Bronze 18 Ice 50 Silver 19 Cadmium 30 Iron cast 11 20.5 0-900 C Cement 11 Wrought 12 Slate 10 Chromium 7 15 0-700 C Solder 2 lead 1 tin 25 11 0-900 C Lead 29 Steel hardened 12.4 Cobalt 12 33 0-320 C mild 11 18 23 350 C Magnesium 25 stainless 10.4 Concrete 13 30 0-400 C Tin 21 Copper 16.7 Nickel 12.8 Titanium 9 20 0-1000 C 18 0-1000 C Tungsten 4.5 20 C Diamond 1.3 Phosphor bronze 16.7 6 Duralumin 23 Plaster 17 600-1400 C Ebonite 70 Platinum 8.9 7 German silver 18.4 11 0-800 C 1400-2200 C Glass 8.6 0-100 C Porcelain 4 Vanadium 8 9.9 100-200 C Quartz 8-14 Zinc 30 11.9 200-300 C 6.21.3 Freezing mixtures Ammonium nitrate parts Crushed ice or snow in water parts Temperature C 1 0.94 4 1 1.20 -14 1 1.31 -17.5 1 3.61 -8 Calcium Crushed ice or Temperature chloride snow in water C parts parts 1 0.49 -20 1 0.61 -39 1 0.70 -55 1 1.23 -22 1 4.92 4 6.21.4 Coefficients of cubical expansion of liquids at normal temperature unless otherwise stated y X 106 C 1 Liquid y Liquid y Acetic acid 107 Olive oil 70 Aniline 85 Paraffin 90 Benzene 124 Sulphuric acid 51 Chloroform 126 20 Ethanol 110 Turpentine 94 Ether 163 Water 41.5 Glycerine 53 0-100 C Mercury 18 100 100-200 C 180 200-300 C Solid carbon dioxide with alcohol 72 Solid carbon dioxide with 77 chloroform or ether 266 MECHANICAL engineer s data handbook 6.21.6 Anti-freeze mixtures Freezing point C Concentration vol. 10 20 30 40 50 Ethanol ethyl alcohol -3.3 -7.8 -14.4 -22.2 -30.6 Methanol methyl alcohol -5.0 -12.1 -21.1 -32.2 -45.0 Ethylene glycol -3.9 -8.9 -15.6 -24.4 -36.7 Glycerine -1.7 -5.0 -9.4 -15.6 -22.8 Engineering measurements 7.1 Length measurement 7.1.1 Engineer s rule These are made from