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Hazardous Chemicals Handbook 2 Episode 14

Tham khảo tài liệu 'hazardous chemicals handbook 2 episode 14', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | SOLID WASTES 509 Table 16.16 Typical consent conditions for the discharge of industrial effluent to rivers and streams UK Maximum allowed Fishing streams BOD 5 days at 20 20 mg l Suspended solids 30 mg l pH 5-9 Sulphide as S 1 mg l Cyanide as CN 0.1 mg l Arsenic cadmium chromium copper lead nickel zinc individually or in total 1 mg l Free chlorine 0 5 mg l Oils and grease 10 mg l Temperature 30 C Non-fishing streams BOD 5 days at 20 C 40 mg l Suspended solids 40 mg l pH 5-9 Transparency of settled sample 100 mm Sulphide as S 1 mg l Cyanide as CN 0.2 mg l Oils and grease 10 mg l Formaldehyde 1 mg l Phenols as cresols 1 mg l Free chlorine 1 mg l Tar none Toxic metals individually or in total 1 mg l Soluble solids 7500 mg l Temperature 32.5 C Insecticides or radioactive material none Sources When classified in terms of handling and disposal methods solid wastes may comprise liquids e.g. in drums slurries sludges thioxtropic solids solids as inert or hazardous waste. The sources of solid wastes per se are summarized in Tables 16.1 and 16.4. However dealing with any of them will involve some combination of the activities shown in Figure 16.2 i.e. collection segregation and identification processing recycling transport and final disposal. Effects The effects from solid waste treatment and disposal depend upon the specific waste and the methods employed. The major disposal methods depending upon the quantity and nature of the waste are disposal on land by landfill or land-raising incineration which requires air pollution control measures Table 17.9 and a procedure for ash disposal energy recovery may be practised 510 CHEMICALS AND THE environment sources and impact Table 16.17 Guidelines for classification of contaminated soils suggested range of values ppm on air dried soils Parameter Typical values for uncontaminated soils Slight contamination Contaminated Heavy contamination Unusually heavy contamination pH acid 6-7 5-6 4-5 2-4 2 pH alkaline 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-12 12 .