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CRITICAL ISSUES IN WEATHER MODIFICATION RESEARCH

The growing evidence that human activities can affect the weather on scales ranging from local to global has added a new and important dimension to the place of weather modification in the field of atmospheric sciences. There is a need, more urgent than ever, to understand the fundamental processes related to intentional and unintentional changes in the atmosphere. The question of how well current technology, practice, and theory are equipped to meet these broader goals of weather modification is central to this report. The challenge to find the right balance between assured knowledge and the need for action is one which must guide the future actions of. | CRITICAL ISSUES IN MODIHCATJON RESEARCH CRITICAL ISSUES IN Weather modification RESEARCH Committee on the Status of and Future Directions in U.S. Weather Modification Research and Operations Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate Division on Earth and Life Studies NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES THĨ NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS v dttiin.gtan. D.c. www.nap.edu THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street NW Washington DC 20001 NOTICE The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences the National Academy of Engineering and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. Support for this project was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under Contract No. 50-DGNA-1-90024-T0006. Any opinions findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author s and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project. International Standard Book Number 0-309-09053-9 Book International Standard Book Number 0-309-518520-0 PDF Library of Contress Control Number 2003115099 Additional copies of this report are available from the National Academies Press 500 Fifth Street N.W. Lockbox 285 Washington D.C. 20055 800 624-6242 or 202 334-3313 in the Washington metropolitan area Internet http www.nap.edu. Cover Photograph taken by Dr. William L. Woodley at 7 39 pm CDT on August 11 2001 from a Texas seeder aircraft flying at 20 000 ft. The cloud shown reaching cumulonimbus stature had been seeded near its top 10 minutes earlier with ejectable silver iodide pyrotechnics. Copyright 2003 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of .