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Writing Empirical Research Reports

This book is not a traditional style manual that prescribes mechanical details such as the forms for levels of headings, typing requirements, and so on. A number of excellent style manuals, including the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, already cover these matters . Neither will you find here a discussion of the mechanics of standard English usage; it is assumed that you have already mastered these. Finally, it is also assumed that you have already selected an important research topic, applied sound research methods, and analyzed the data. Thus, these topics are not covered | Writing Empirical Research Reports A Basic Guide for Students of the Social and Behavioral Sciences Fifth Edition Fred Pyrczak California State University Los Angeles Randall R. Bruce Editorial Consultant Pyrczak Publishing P.O. Box 250430 Glendale CA 91225 Pyrczak Publishing is an imprint of Fred Pyrczak Publisher A California Corporation. Although the author and publisher have made every effort to ensure the accuracy and completeness of information contained in this book we assume no responsibility for errors inaccuracies omissions or any inconsistency herein. Any slights of people places or organizations are unintentional. Project Director Monica Lopez. Editorial assistance provided by Kenneth Ornburn Brenda Koplin Sharon Young Erica Simmons and Cheryl Alcorn. Cover design by Robert Kibler and Larry Nichols. Printed in the United States of America by Malloy Inc. Copyright 2005 2003 2000 1998 1992 by Pyrczak Publishing. All rights reserved. Permission is hereby granted for professors and their students to photocopy Appendix A for use only in classes in which this book is used as a required textbook. Except for Appendix A no portion of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior written permission of the publisher. ISBN 1-884585-58-2 ii Contents Introduction to the Fifth Edition v 1. Structuring a Research Report 1 2. Writing Simple Research Hypotheses 9 3. A Closer Look at Hypotheses 23 4. Writing Research Purposes Objectives and Questions 31 5. Writing Titles 39 6. Writing Introductions and Literature Reviews 49 7. Writing Definitions 69 8. Writing Assumptions Limitations and Delimitations 79 9. Writing Method Sections 85 10. Writing Analysis and Results Sections 97 11. Writing Discussion Sections 105 12. Writing Abstracts 113 13. A Closer Look at Writing Reports of Qualitative Research 119 14. Preparing a Reference List 133 References 139 Appendix A Checklist of Guidelines 143 Appendix B Thinking Straight and Writing