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EMERGENCY RESPONSE TO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL AGENTS - CHAPTER 2

Hóa chất Đại lý "Kẻ thù đã có trong các chiến hào của họ xi-lanh lớn khí này được nén đến một áp suất rất cao. Khi gió từ họ, cocks của xi-lanh được mở ra, cho phép khí lưu thông. Nó tăng lên độ cao 40 feet và nặng hơn không khí, tiên tiến từ từ theo chiều gió, tạo thành một tấm lớn hoặc đám mây. Các binh sĩ Algeria Pháp . đứng cho đến khi nó đến với họ, và sau đó, bị bất ngờ, họ đã không thể chịu được tác động của nó. Một hơi thở. | 2 Chemical Agents The enemy had in their trenches huge cylinders with this gas compressed to a very high pressure. When the wind was from them the cocks of the cylinders were opened allowing the gas to flow out. It rose to a height of 40 feet and being heavier than air it advanced slowly with the wind forming a large sheet or cloud. The French Algerian troops .stood it until it came up to them and then taken by surprise they were unable to withstand its effects. One breath of this is sufficient to daze a man to such an extent as to render him absolutely helpless. Those who got a very bad dose of it turned purple in the face they coughed and gasped for breath in awful pain. Gradually among untold sufferings the lungs fill up with a sort of white secretion which finally chokes the poor soldier and puts an end to his misery. All this takes is three or four days and there are no antidotes known. There is no hope there is nothing but to let the men die amid the most awful agony a human being can behold. Aimar Auzias de Turerre 1915 INTRODUCTION A chemical agent incident on March 20 1995 in Tokyo Japan may have greatly changed the playing field and the level of danger for all local emergency responders firefighters police officers emergency medical services personnel hazardous materials response teams ambulance crews in developed and urban nations. On that day 11 Japanese rush-hour commuters in Tokyo s very busy subway system one that carries about 2.7 billion passengers a day about double the number handled by the New York City subway were killed and approximately 5500 more were treated at hospitals and clinics even though many were actually uninjured. The chemical agent was sarin developed by the Germans during World War II. Religious terrorists from a group known as Aum Shinri Kyo Supreme Truth sponsored and carried out the sarin attack. In the United States persons responding to a chemical agent or biological agent would likely be firefighters police officers and .