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Applied Surgical Physiology Vivas - part 6

B dốc trong thời gian hết hạn là nỗ lực độc lập trong bất kỳ một cá nhân, và đạt đến một trần không phân biệt của lực lượng thở tạo ra. Điều này là do ảnh hưởng của nén khí đạo năng động, hạn chế tỷ lệ hết hạn. Lực lượng thở tạo ra, nén đường hàng không hạn chế dòng chảy | APPLIED SURGICAL PHYSIOLOGY VIVAS The slope B during expiration is effort independent in any one individual and reaches a ceiling irrespective of the expiratory force generated. This is due to the effects of dynamic airways compression limiting the rate of expiration. The greater the expiratory force generated the greater the airway compression limiting flow. M 9. Draw a graph showing how the flow-volume loop alters in COPD and restrictive lung disease compared to normality. What happens to the FEV and FEVj under these circumstances RLD Restrictive lung disease From NMS Physiology 4th edition Bullock Boyle Wang 2001 Lippincott Williams Wilkins MECHANICS OF BREATHING IV - AIRWAY RESISTANCE Note that in COPD the total lung capacity TLC FRC and RV are greater due to gas trapping following loss of radial traction. Peak flow is reduced due to airways obstruction and reduced lung elastance. FEVj FVC is reduced In restrictive lung disease all the lung volumes are reduced but the FEVj FVC is normal or increased 83 M MICROCIRCULATION I APPLIED SURGICAL PHYSIOLOGY VIVAS MICROCIRCULATION I 1. What is this equation and in simple terms what is it describing Jv LpS Pc - Pi - r -p - i This is the Starling equation and describes the factors that determine the flow of water across capillary walls. 2. So basically what is it saying It states that the net filtration of water across a capillary wall is proportional to the difference between the hydraulic and osmotic forces across the vessel wall where Pc capillary filtration pressure Pg interstitial pressure Pp colloid oncotic osmotic pressure p interstitial oncotic pressure 3. What are the other symbols in the equation and what do they mean Lp hydraulic conductance. This is the filtration rate per unit change of pressure across the membrane S surface area of the vessel wall s the reflection coefficient. This is simply a measure of how leaky the membrane is. This measures about 0.8 meaning that only 80 of the potential oncotic .