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Encyclopedia of Smart Materials (Vols 1 and 2) - M. Schwartz (2002) WW Part 9

Tham khảo tài liệu 'encyclopedia of smart materials (vols 1 and 2) - m. schwartz (2002) ww part 9', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 1999 . 52. K. Kuribayashi S. Shimizu M. Yoshitake and S. Ogawa Proc. 6th Int. Symp. Micro Mach. Hum. Sci. Piscataway NJ 1995 pp. 103-110. 53. S.T. Smith and D.G. Chetwynd Gordon and Breach 1994. 54. J.M. Paros and L. Weisborg Mach. Design 27 151-156 1965 . 55. Y. Bellouard Ph.D. Thesis Lausanne EPFL n 2308 2000 . 56. W. Nix Scripta Materialia 39 4 5 545-554 1998 . 57. R.D. James Int. J. Solids Struct. 37 239-250 2000 . 58. R. Gorbet Ph. D. Thesis University of Waterloo 1997. MICROTUBES Wesley P. Hoffman Air Force Research Laboratory AFRL PRSM Edwards AFB CA Phillip G. Wapner ERC Inc. Edwards AFB CA INTRODUCTION Background Microtubes are very small diameter tubes in the nanometer and micron range that have very high aspect ratios and can be made from practically any material in any combination of cross-sectional and axial shape desired. In smart structures these microscopic tubes can function as sensors and actuators as well as components of fluidic logic systems. In many technological fields including smart structures microtube technology enables fabricating components and devices that have to date been impossible to produce offers a lower cost route for fabricating some current products and provides the opportunity to miniaturize numerous components and devices that are currently in existence. In recent years there has been tremendous interest in miniaturization due to the high payoff involved. The most graphic example that can be cited occurred in the electronics industry which only 50 years ago relied exclusively on the vacuum tube for numerous functions. The advent of the transistor in 1947 and its gradual replacement of the vacuum tube started a revolution in miniaturization that was inconceivable at the time of its invention and is not fully recognized even many years later. Miniaturization resulted in the possibility for billions of transistors to occupy the volume of a vacuum tube or the first transistor and it was not the only consequence. The involve .