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THE HEALTH EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION ON CHILDREN

In contrast, the smaller or so-called "fine" particles in the urban aerosol come from combustion sources, such as power plants, automobile, truck, bus and other vehicle exhaust or from the reactions that transform some of the pollutant gases into solid or liquid particles. These distinctions may be important because the current air pollution health effects literature suggests, although not with certainty, that for some key health effects the fine particles are more important than the coarse particles. These findings have led EPA to propose a new nationwide PM2.5 standard that would reduce exposure to particles that are 2.5. | South Coast Air Quality Management District The Health Effects of Air Pollution on Children Fall 2000 Michael T. Kleinman Ph.D. Professor Department of Community and Environmental Medicine University of California Irvine. Table of Contents Introduction.1 Why are Children More Susceptible to Air Pollution Than Adults .1 The Lung s Important Role in Health.2 USC Children s Health Study.2 Which Air Pollutants Have the Greatest Impact on the Health of Children and Adults . 2 Ozone.2 Ozone formation.3 Ozone Air Quality Standards.3 How Ozone Damages Lungs.4 Is Ozone-Related Lung Damage Permanent .5 Research and Air Quality Standards.5 How to Reduce Ozone Exposure.6 Carbon Monoxide.6 Who is Most Sensitive to the Health Effects of Carbon Monoxide .6 Air Quality Standards for Carbon Monoxide.7 Sources of Carbon Monoxide.7 Health Effects of Carbon Monoxide.7 Prenatal Effects of Carbon Monoxide.8 Airborne Particles.8 The Challenge of Measuring Particle Pollution.8 Sources of Particle Pollution.9 Historic Air Pollution Disasters.9 Health Effects of Particulate Pollution.10 Nitrogen Oxides.11 Health Effects of Nitrogen Dioxide.11 Improvements in Nitrogen Dioxide Measurements.12 Lead.13 Sources of Lead Pollution.13 Sulfur Oxides.13 Diesel Emissions.14 What s in Diesel .14 What Can Be Done to Reduce the Effects of Air Pollution on Children s Health 15 The Health Effects of Air Pollution on Children Fall 2000 Introduction Air pollution has many effects on the health of both adults and children. The purpose of this article will be to examine what is known about how air pollution affects health especially children s. Over the past several years the incidence of a number of diseases has increased greatly. Asthma is perhaps the most important disease with an increasing incidence but other diseases such as allergic reactions bronchitis and respiratory infections also have been increasing. The cause of these increases may be due at least in part to the effects of air pollution. This .