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EXPOSURE TO AIR POLLUTION: A MAJOR PUBLIC HEALTH CONCERN

Recent studies have tested for particulate absorption through sampling leaves and examining the product of washing from broadleaved trees (plane, lime, elm, cherry and ash). Beckett et al. (2000b) sampled from five urban polluted sites within the South East of England2 , which were located in close proximity to road traffic. Using foliage density estimates, the total insoluble particle load per tree was found to vary between 41 and 2936 grams. Although this variation is partly due to the ambient pollution at the sites, significant same site species differences were observed providing evidence that pollution absorption varies between tree species. Due to the limitations of. | World Health Organization PREVENTING DISEASE THROUGH HEALTHY ENVIRONMENTS EXPOSURE TO AIR POLLUTION A MAJOR PUBLIC HEALTH CONCERN Indoor air pollution from solid fuel use and urban outdoor air pollution are estimated to be responsible for 3.1 million premature deaths worldwide every year and 3.2 of the global burden of disease.1 More than half of the global burden of disease from air pollution is borne by people in developing countries. Air pollutants have been linked to a range of adverse health effects including respiratory infections heart disease and lung cancer. Reduction of air pollution levels will decrease the global health burden related to these illnesses. Efforts to significantly reduce concentrations of air pollutants will also help to decrease greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate the effects of global warming.2 Sources of exposure to air pollution Indoor air pollution The major sources of indoor air pollution worldwide include indoor combustion of solid fuels tobacco smoking outdoor air pollutants emissions from construction materials and furnishings and improper maintenance of ventilation and air conditioning systems. Although some indoor air pollutants such as environmental tobacco smoke are of concern globally profiles of indoor air pollutants and the resulting health risks are generally very different in developed and developing countries. In developing countries the most significant issue for indoor air quality is pollutants released during the combustion of solid fuels including biomass wood dung and crop residues and coal mainly in China that are used for cooking and heating. Households burning such fuels are generally located in poor rural communities and use open pits or poorly functioning earthen or metal stoves in kitchens that are not well ventilated. Although relatively clean sources of household energy predominate in developed countries improvements in energy efficiency have led to homes being relatively airtight reducing ventilation .