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Báo cáo khoa học: Death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) and signal transduction: blebbing in programmed cell death

Death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) regulates many distinct signalling events, including apoptosis, autophagy and membrane blebbing. The role of DAPK in the blebbing process is only beginning to be understood and, in this review, we will first summarize what is known about the cytoskeletal proteins and signalling cascades that participate in bleb growth and retrac-tion and then highlight how DAPK integrates with these processes. | MINIREVIEW Death-associated protein kinase DAPK and signal transduction blebbing in programmed cell death Miia Bovellan1 2 Marco Fritzsche1 3 Craig Stevens4 and Guillaume Charras1 2 1 London Centre for Nanotechnology University College London UK 2 Department of Celland DevelopmentalBiology University College London UK 3 Department of Physics University College London UK 4 Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine Edinburgh University UK Keywords actin blebs cytoskeleton myosin Correspondence G. Charras London Centre for Nanotechnology University College London UK Fax 44 207 679 0595 Tel 44 207 679 2923 E-mail g.charras@ucl.ac.uk These authors contributed equally to this work Received 11 March 2009 revised 20 August 2009 accepted 28 September 2009 doi 10.1111 j.1742-4658.2009.07412.x Death-associated protein kinase DAPK regulates many distinct signalling events including apoptosis autophagy and membrane blebbing. The role of DAPK in the blebbing process is only beginning to be understood and in this review we will first summarize what is known about the cytoskeletal proteins and signalling cascades that participate in bleb growth and retraction and then highlight how DAPK integrates with these processes. Membrane blebs are quasispherical cellular protrusions that have a lifetime of approximately 2 min. During expansion blebs are initially devoid of actin although actomyosin contractions provide the motive force for growth. Once growth slows an actin cortex reforms and actin-bundling and contractile proteins are recruited. Finally myosin contraction powers bleb retraction into the cell body. Blebbing occurs in a variety of cell types from cancerous cells to embryonic cells and can be seen in cellular phenomena as diverse as cell spreading movement cytokinesis and cell death. Although the machinery that executes this is still undefined in detail the conservation of blebbing phenomenon suggests a fundamental role in metazoans and DAPK offers a door to further .