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Common Eye Diseases and their Management (part 2)

Thuốc Kiểm tra VA: Màu sắc tầm nhìn từ xa / gần (có và không đeo kính) các lĩnh vực trực quan Orbit nhỏ mắt phong trào - Học sinh liên hợp và hội tụ Vị trí của mắt kết mạc, giác mạc AC Iris Truyền thông - ống kính / thủy tinh đáy võng mạc / màng mạch, đĩa quang, đặc biệt điều tra huỳnh quang mạch máu X quang và siêu âm Huyết học / sinh hóa vi khuẩn / Chẩn đoán giải phẫu miễn dịch Aetiological. | 18 Common Eye Diseases and their Management Table 3.1. 0 History Age Ophthalmic Subnormal vision Disturbances of vision Pain discomfort Discharge Change in lacrimation Diplopia General medical Drugs Duration. Difference between eyes Distortion haloes floaters flashing lights momentary losses of vision -field defects Increase decrease Change in appearance -discolouration Swelling mass Displacement Diabetes hypertension COAD dysthyroid connective tissue disease FH social occupational Examination VA distance near with and without glasses Colour vision Visual fields Orbit Ocular movements -conjugate and convergence Pupils Position of eyes Conjunctiva cornea AC Iris Media - lens vitreous Fundus - retina choroid optic disc Proptosis enophthalmos Eyelids and lacrimal apparatus Intraocular pressure Special investigations Fluorescein angiography Radiological and ultrasound Haematological biochemical Bacteriological immunological Diagnosis Anatomical Aetiological E.g. cataract E.g. diabetes Figure 3.1. The Snellen chart.nJ letters decreasing in size down to the bottom. The size of letter normally visible to a normal-sighted person at 6 m is usually on the second-to-bottom line. Patients reading this line are said to have a vision of 6 6. If a patient cannot read the top letter he is taken nearer to the chart. If the top letter becomes visible at 3 m the acuity is recorded as 3 60. If the letter is still not visible the patient is asked if he can count fingers recorded as CF and failing this if he can see hand movements HM . Finally if even hand movements are not seen the ability to see a light is tested PL . Figure 3.2. The Stycar test.CB Examination of the Eye 19 Young children and illiterates can be asked to do the E test in which they must orient a large wooden letter E so that it is the same way up as an indicated letter E on a chart. Perhaps better than this is the Stycar test Figure 3.2 in which the child is asked to point at the letter on a card that is the same as .