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DIABETIC NEUROPATHY: CLINICAL MANAGEMENT - PART 2

Gene Glut5 Neurotrophin-3 VEGF AKR1B1 và SDH AKR1B1 giống như yếu tố tăng trưởng Insulin-1 thần kinh tăng trưởng Yếu tố neuropeptides chất P Calcitonin gene liên quan đến Adipocytokines peptide (yếu tố hoại tử khối u-α, adiponectin, và leptin) Kích hoạt yếu tố sao chép 3 Kết quả | 38 Demaine and Yang Table 3 Functional Gene Studies in Diabetic Neuropathy Gene Result Outcome References Glut5 Increase Sciatic nerve in rats 122 Neurotrophin-3 Increase Sensory nerve in rats 123 VEGF Increase 84 AKR1B1 and SDH Increase 53 AKR1B1 Increase 124 Insulin-like growth Increase Responsible for the delay 125 factor-1 Delayed in NGF response in expression diabetic rats Nerve growth Factor Decrease 126 Neuropeptides 126 substance P Calcitonin 126 gene-related peptide Adipocytokines Affect nerve T2DM with neuropathy 127 tumor necrosis conduction factor-a adiponectin velocity and leptin Activating transcription Increased in STZ mice 128 factor 3 neurons More than 12 alleles of the 5 ALR2 locus have been detected in different populations. The most common allele has been designated Z and consists of AC 24 repeats whereas the Z-2 allele contains AC 23 repeats and conversely the Z 2 allele AC 25 repeats. A similar nomenclature has been adopted for the remaining alleles. Interestingly the Z 5 ALR2 allele is the most common among all populations irrespective of the ethnic background. The 5 ALR2 locus has been associated with diabetic retinopathy nephropathy and also neuropathy in patients with T1DM as well as T2DM who are from different ethnic backgrounds Table 1 . In 1995 Ko et al. 56 showed that the frequency of the Z-2 allele of the 5 ALR2 locus is increased in early onset diabetic retinopathy in 44 unrelated Chinese Hong Kong patients with T2DM. The Z-2 allele was found in 59 of patients with early onset diabetic retinopathy in comparison with only 9 with no microvascular complications. This was later confirmed in a British caucasoid population of patients with T1DM and nephropathy and coexistent retinopathy . Whereas the frequency of the Z-2 allele was increased in those subjects that had retinopathy alone in comparison with uncomplicated subjects who had gone for at least 20 years without developing any retinopathy proteinuria or overt neuropathy this was not