Đang chuẩn bị liên kết để tải về tài liệu:
Clean Energy Systems and Experiences Part 9

Tham khảo tài liệu 'clean energy systems and experiences part 9', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Exergy analysis of low and high temperature water gas shift reactor with parabolic concentrating collector 113 where L is path of the beam through the atmosphere H is thickness of atmosphere 1.524x105 m r is R H and is 41.8 if radius of the earth R is equal to 0.6372x107 m. The absorption and scattering of solar radiation by the atmospheric materials take place in a selective manner. The ozone water vapor carbon dioxide nitrogen oxygen aerosols or dust particles water droplets in the clouds and other constituents of the atmosphere all participate in the attenuation of solar radiation by absorption and or scattering Kreider andKreith 1975 . The ozone in the atmosphere is concentrated in a layer between 10 to 30 km above the earth s surface with the maximum concentration occurring between about 25 to 30 km. Ozone is a very strong absorber of solar radiation in the ultraviolet range between 0.2 to 0.29 pm relatively absorber in the range between 0.29 to 0.34 pm and has a weak absorption in the range 0.44 to 0.7 pm. There is a variation in the concentration and total content of ozone both geographically and seasonally. The total ozone content may vary from 3.8 mm of ozone i.e. at normal temperature and pressure at upper latitudes to about 2.4 mm over the equator. Also the total amount in the upper latitudes may vary from 3.0 to 5.0 mm Bayazitoglu 1986 . The reducible water content of the atmosphere varies from a low value of 2 mm i.e. the height of water in mm if the water vapor in the air column above the ground per unit area were condensed into liquid to about 50 mm for hot very humid summer days without cloud formation. The water vapor in the atmosphere absorbs solar radiation strongly in wavelengths beyond about 2.3 pm. In the range of wavelengths between 0.7 to 2.3 pm there are several absorption bands. The oxygen absorption of solar radiation occurs in a very narrow line centered at 0.762 pm. Carbon dioxide is also a strong absorber of solar radiation in .