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ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE AND MEASUREMENT IN SEVERAL SYSTEMS

These days, it is impossible to think of an area of knowledge that can keep on developing without a collaboration in interdisciplinary fields. Electromotive force is a type of energy per unit of electric charge that is converted reversibly from chemical, mechanical, or other forms of energy into electrical energy by a dynamo, battery, electrochemical cells, thermoelectric devices, solar cells, transformers, and so on. The theory of electromotive Force is currently one of the most important research topics within the electrical engineering domain. Recently, the development of high throughput techniques, such as in solar energy, photocatalysis, High-Temperature Systems and solid-state electrolyte have increased the need of Application of Electromotive Force. | ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE AND MEASUREMENT IN SEVERAL SYSTEMS Edited by Sadik Kara INTECHWEB.ORG Electromotive Force and Measurement in Several Systems Edited by Sadik Kara Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9 51000 Rijeka Croatia Copyright 2011 InTech All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license which permits to copy distribute transmit and adapt the work in any medium so long as the original work is properly cited. After this work has been published by InTech authors have the right to republish it in whole or part in any publication of which they are the author and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. As for readers this license allows users to download copy and build upon published chapters even for commercial purposes as long as the author and publisher are properly credited which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. Notice Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials instructions methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Oliver Kurelic Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer Roko Kerovec Image Copyright Iscatel 2011. Used under license from Shutterstock.com First published October 2011 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Electromotive Force and Measurement in Several Systems Edited by Sadik Kara p. cm. ISBN 978-953-307-728-4 ikrrr iJ OPEN ACCESS INI Cvn PUBLISHER INTECH open free online editions of InTech Books .