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From Turbine to Wind Farms Technical Requirements and Spin-Off Products Part 15

Tham khảo tài liệu 'from turbine to wind farms technical requirements and spin-off products part 15', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | The Potential for Habitat Creation around Offshore Wind Farms 199 Finkel and Benayahu 2005 . Only purposely-planned artificial reefs can satisfy the full range of requirements for a truly successful reef encouraging full colonisation and succession sequences and becoming a useful tool for conservation or restoration of existing habitats stocks communities however with a bit more planning at the early stages of development it should be possible for the development of offshore wind energy to satisfy a number of these requirements and thereby become at least partially successful at creating habitat around its tower and foundation. To illustrate the importance of structures placed within the marine environment when four small oil platforms were removed from Californian waters in 1996 over 2000 tons of marine life were removed from the platform legs and disposed of in landfill sites onshore California Artificial Reef Enhancement Programme s website . Therefore it is important to consider the decommissioning of any offshore turbines even before they are installed. Although it may not be feasible from a navigational safety point of view to leave all foundation structures in place once the towers and nacelles have been removed it may be possible to leave some foundations in place for example as part of an MPA once the wind farm itself has been decommissioned and removed. A key aspect of the habitat creation argument is to get the issue wider appreciation at a higher industry level. If the gains to both the ecology and economy of the surrounding marine environment are known and understood more widely by developers regulators and other stakeholder groups then they may be able to form part of early discussions and negotiations with regards to specific project design and construction methods. Survey and research results should be published with an eye as to how they can be further utilised and adapted with greater emphasis on the broader range of conservation commercial or .