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BEST PRACTICES for: Monitoring, Verifi cation, and Accounting of CO2 Stored in Deep Geologic Formations

This document should be of interest to a broad audience interested in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to the atmosphere. It was developed for regulatory organizations, project developers, and national and state policymakers to increase awareness of existing and developing monitoring, verification, and accounting (MVA) techniques. Carbon dioxide (CO2) sinks are a natural part of the carbon cycle; however, natural terrestrial sinks are not sufficient to absorb all the CO2 emitted to the atmosphere each year. Due to present concerns about global climate change related to GHG emissions, efforts are underway to assess CO2 sinks, both terrestrial and geologic, as a form of carbon management to offset emissions from fossil fuel combustion and other. | the N CY lab BEST PRACTICES for Monitoring Verification and Accounting of CO2 Stored in Deep Geologic Formations First Edition NATIONAL ENERGY TECHNOLOGY LA3O7ATO7Y Disclaimer This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference therein to any specific commercial product process or service by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed therein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. Monitoring Verification and Accounting of CO2 Stored in Deep Geologic Formations DOE NETL-311 081508 January 2009 National Energy Technology Laboratory .