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Health, Life Expectancy, and Health Care Spending among the Elderly

Smart-home technology may give the nursing personnel security in that they will be warned when dangers occur in other parts of the house. The result is that the nursing personnel can concentrate entirely on one person at a time. More time may in this way be spent on human care, instead of control routines. Altered routines lead to less stress and less exhaustion for nurses. This will in the long run have a positive effect on the occupiers. Elderly people often have objections to ICT. Ignorance is often a decisive reason. Information and knowledge about ICT will be important in. | The new ENGLAND journal of medicine special article Health Life Expectancy and Health Care Spending among the Elderly James Lubitz M.P.H. Liming Cai Ph.D. Ellen Kramarow Ph.D. and Harold Lentzner Ph.D. ABSTRACT From the Office of Analysis Epidemiology and Health Promotion National Center for Health Statistics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Hyattsville Md. Address reprint requests to Mr. Lubitz at the National Center for Health Statistics 3311 Toledo Rd. Mail Stop 6226 Hyattsville MD 20782 or at jlubitz@cdc.gov. N Engl J Med 2003 349 1048-55. Copyright 2003 Massachusetts Medical Society. background Life expectancy among the elderly has been improving for many decades and there is evidence that health among the elderly is also improving. We estimated the relation of health status at 70 years ofage to life expectancy and to cumulative health care expenditures from the age of 70 until death. methods Using the 1992-1998 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey we classified persons health according to functional status and whether or not they were institutionalized and according to self-reported health. We used multistate life-table methods and microsimulation to estimate life expectancy for persons in various states of health. We linked annual health care expenditures with transitions between health states. results Elderly persons in better health had a longer life expectancy than those in poorer health but had similar cumulative health care expenditures until death. A person with no functional limitation at 70 years of age had a life expectancy of 14.3 years and expected cumulative health care expenditures ofabout 136 000 in 1998 dollars a person with a limitation in at least one activity of daily living had a life expectancy of 11.6 years and expected cumulative expenditures of about 145 000. Expenditures varied little according to self-reported health at the age of 70. Persons who were institutionalized at the age of 70 had cumulative expenditures that were .