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Parkinson disease and related disorders part - part 2

McEwen BS (1994). Khía cạnh phân tử điều chỉnh neuropeptide và chức năng trong thể vân thể và accumbens hạt nhân. Brain Res Rev 19: 1-28. Arai H, Sirinathsinghji DJ, Emson PC (1987). Sự suy giảm về chất P-và neurokinin A-như immunoreactivity substantia nigra sau khi gây ra tổn thương | 50 P. SAMADI ET AL. NOS-containing neurons by modulating the activity of medium spiny neurons in response to cortical inputs also play an important role in the expression of synaptic plasticity at corticostriatal synapses Centonze et al. 1999 2003c . Therefore the striatum by processing the information flow from various inputs and sending output to targets that generate behaviors Grace 2000 plays a key role in adaptive plasticity in corticobasal ganglia as well as in pathological responses in PD. Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank Laurent Gregoire for helping in the management of the references in the text and Gilles Chabot for preparing the figures. This work is supported by grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research CIHR to TDP PJB and CR. PS holds a fellowship from CIHR-RX D. References Aizman O Brismar H Uhlen P et al. 2000 . Anatomical and physiological evidence for D-1 and D-2 dopamine receptor colocalization in neostriatal neurons. Nat Neu-rosci 3 226-230. Akil H Owens C Gutstein H et al. 1998 . Endogenous opioids overview and current issues. Drug Alcohol Depend 51 127-140. Alberch J Perez-Navarro E Canals JM 2002 . Neuroprotection by neurotrophins and GDNF family members in the excitotoxic model of Huntington s disease. Brain Res Bull 57 817-822. Alexander GE Crutcher MD 1990 . Functional architecture of basal ganglia circuits neural substrates of parallel processing. Trends Neurosci 13 266-271. Alexi T Hughes PE Roon-Mom WM et al. 1999 . The IGF-I amino-terminal tripeptide glycine-proline-gluta-mate GPE is neuroprotective to striatum in the quinolinic acid lesion animal model of Huntington s disease. Exp Neurol 159 84-97. Alger BE 2002 . Retrograde signaling in the regulation of synaptic transmission focus on endocannabinoids. Prog Neurobiol 68 247-286. Aliaga E Carcamo C Abarca J et al. 2000 . Transient increase of brain derived neurotrophic factor mRNA expression in substantia nigra reticulata after partial lesion of the .