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Biomedical Engineering From Theory to Applications Part 16

Tham khảo tài liệu 'biomedical engineering from theory to applications part 16', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 440 Biomedical Engineering - From Theory to Applications 7. Because of cortex sponging the boards need to be extracted which means a second surgery . By extracting there is a fracture risk of one of the holes for screws causing peri-fracture tissue damage and peri-implant as big as or bigger than the implant operation. In order to eliminate or at least reduce inconveniences caused by the lack of compaction plates with screws with compacting or self compacting have been created. These plates however fail to achieve a satisfactory compaction and in addition require larger incisions and with greater tissue damage higher blood loss and increased exposure to infections and scarring are larger and more unsightly and compaction in this case is achieved with the bone fixation and not continuously as with the model proposed by us. 8. All inconveniences besides prolonging patient s suffering increase the number of hospital days as well as the number of disability days at work leading to high social costs. 4.1 Orthopaedic modular plates based on shape memory alloys The classical bone plates with screws prevent bone compaction and do not allow application of axial forces caused by muscle tension in normal bones which leads to the delay of fracture focus consolidation or leads to a non-union pathological neo-articulation . The classical metal plate used as an implant must be sufficiently large to achieve solid fixation of the fracture fragments. Current orthopaedic plates use titanium or special steel materials which are subject to electrolytic action of the biological environment without allowing a pseudo- elastic behaviour similar to bone structure. Because the lengths of the classical plates are big the surgery for metallic implant mounting needs large incisions with great tissue damage with great loss of blood tissues with high exposure to the environment which increases the risk of infections with big risks in their propagation to the bone bone infections are incurable and