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Occupation and Breast Cancer: A Canadian Case–Control Study

Genes contain the recipes for the various proteins a cell needs to stay healthy and function normally. Some genes and the proteins they make can influence how a breast cancer behaves and how it might respond to a specific treatment. Cancer cells from a tissue sample can be tested to see which genes are normal and abnormal. The proteins they make can also be tested. If the genetic recipe contains a mistake the report will say “genetic mutation” or “genetic abnormality.” An example is one of the inherited breast cancer gene abnormalities, called BRCA1 or BRCA2 (please see page 21 for. | Occupation and Breast Cancer A Canadian Case-Control Study JAMES T BROPHY a b c MARGARET M. KEITH a b c KEVIN M. GOREY c ISAAC LUGINAAH ETHAN LAUKKANEN e DEBORAH HELLYER a ABRAHAM REINHARTZ a ANDREW WATTERSON b HAKAM ABU-ZAHRA f ELEANOR MATICKA-TYNDALE c KENNETH SCHNEIDER MATTHIAS BECK g AND MICHAEL GILBERTSONb Occupational Health Clinics for Ontario Workers OHCOW Toronto Ontario Canada M6A 3B6 b University of Stirling Stirling UKFK9 4LA c University of Windsor Windsor Ontario Canada N9B 3P4 d University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada N6A 3K7 e Prince Edward Island Cancer Treatment Centre Charlottetown Prince Edward Island Canada CIA 8T5 f Windsor Regional Cancer Centre Windsor Ontario Canada N8WZX3 g University of York York UKYO10 5DD Abstract a local collaborative process was launched in Windsor Ontario Canada to explore the role of occupation as a risk factor for cancer. An initial hypothesis-generating study found an increased risk for breast cancer among women aged 55 years or younger who had ever worked in farming. On the basis of this result a 2-year case-control study was undertaken to evaluate the lifetime occupational histories of women with breast cancer. The results indicate that women with breast cancer were nearly three times more likely to have worked in agriculture when compared to the controls OR 2.80 95 CI 1.6-4.8 . The risk for those who worked in agriculture and subsequently worked in automotive-related manufacturing was further elevated OR 4.0 95 CI 1.7-9.9 . The risk for those employed in agriculture and subsequently employed in health care was also elevated OR 2.3 95 CI 1.1-4.6 . Farming tended to be among the earlier jobs worked often during adolescence. While this article has limitations including the small sample size and the lack of information regarding specific exposures it does provide evidence of a possible association between farming and breast cancer. The findings indicate the need for further study to determine which .