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Structural genomics of membrane proteins

Improvements in the fields of membrane-protein molecular biology and biochemistry, technical advances in structural data collection and processing, and the availability of numerous sequenced genomes have paved the way for membrane-protein structural genomics efforts. There has been significant recent progress, but various issues essential for | Review Structural genomics of membrane proteins Peter Walian Timothy A Cross and Bing K Jap Addresses Life Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA. National High Magnetic Field Lab and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306 USA. Correspondence Bing K Jap. E-mail bkjap@lbl.gov Published 15 March 2004 Genome Biology 2004 5 215 The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at http genomebiology.com 2004 5M 215 2004 BioMed Central Ltd Abstract Improvements in the fields of membrane-protein molecular biology and biochemistry technical advances in structural data collection and processing and the availability of numerous sequenced genomes have paved the way for membrane-protein structural genomics efforts. There has been significant recent progress but various issues essential for high-throughput membrane-protein structure determination remain to be resolved. The goal of determining the structure of membrane proteins continues to define a substantial region of the structural biology horizon. While significant progress has been made over the past five years the ratio of structures solved for membrane proteins to those solved for soluble proteins remains small such that membrane proteins comprise less than 1 in 100 of the structures deposited in the Protein Data Bank PDB 1 . Although the total number of membrane-protein structures determined to date is but a small fraction of all protein structures determined the more than 100 structures on deposit in public databases represent a substantial start. A burgeoning database 2 already contains examples of proteins with seven transmembrane helices ion and water channels transporters ATPases porins toxins and an array of proteins involved in energy production. While substantial architectural diversity can be found among the membrane-protein structures determined to date they clearly .