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schaum s easy outline of principles of economics based on schaum s outline of theory and problems of principl phần 3

✔ đầu ra trong nước Tổng ✔ Nhu cầu tổng hợp, cung cấp tổng hợp, và đầu ra cân bằng ✔ Thay đổi đầu ra Tổng ✔ chu kỳ kinh doanh ✔ Thất nghiệp và Lực lượng Lao động ✔ Lạm phát ✔ Đúng hay Sai Câu hỏi ✔ Giải quyết vấn đề GDP đầu raTổng sản phẩm quốc nội (GDP) đo lường tổng sản lượng trong nền kinh tế trong nước. | Chapter 3 Unemployment Inflation and National Income In This Chapter Gross Domestic Output Aggregate Demand Aggregate Supply and Equilibrium Output Changes in Aggregate Output Business Cycles Unemployment and the Labor Force Inflation True or False Questions Solved Problems Gross Domestic Output Gross domestic product GDP measures total output in the domestic economy. Nominal GDP real GDP and potential GDP are three different measures of aggregate output. Nominal GDP is the market value of all final goods and services produced in the domestic economy in a one-year pe- 25 Copyright 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Click Here for Terms of Use. 26 PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS riod at current prices. By this definition 1 only output exchanged in a market is included do-it-yourself services such as cleaning your own house are not included 2 output is valued in its final form output is in its final form when no further alteration is made to the good which would change its market value and 3 output is measured using current-year prices. Because nominal GDP values are inflated by prices that increase over time aggregate output is also measured holding the prices of all goods and services constant over time. This valuation of GDP at constant prices is called real GDP. The third measure of aggregate output is potential GDP the maximum production that can take place in the domestic economy without putting upward pressure on the general level of prices. Conceptually potential GDP represents a point on a given production-possibility frontier. The U.S. economy s potential output increases at a fairly steady rate each year while actual real GDP fluctuates around potential GDP. These fluctuations of real GDP are identified as business cycles. The GDP gap is the difference between potential GDP and real GDP it is positive when potential GDP exceeds real GDP and negative when real GDP exceeds potential GDP. A positive gap indicates that there are unemployed resources and the .