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The Corporate R&D Tax Credit and U.S. Innovation and Competitiveness

Use of credit scores by insurers has come into prominence within the last ten years. A recent study found that more than 90 percent of personal lines insurers use credit scores for rating or underwriting private automobile insurance (Conning & Co., 2001), and many insurers also use credit scoring for homeowners coverage. Such scores are distinguished from credit scores used in financial underwriting. While both lending and insurance scores have many elements in common, insurance-based credit scores purport to predict the risk of insurance loss rather than the risk of financial default. . | Center for American Progress AP PHOTO RICHARD DREW The Corporate R D Tax Credit and U.S. Innovation and Competitiveness Gauging the Economic and Fiscal Effectiveness of the Credit Laura Tyson and Greg Linden January 2012 WWW.AMERICANPROGRESS.ORG Center for AmericanProgress The Corporate R D Tax Credit and U.S. Innovation and Competitiveness Gauging the Economic and Fiscal Effectiveness of the Credit Laura Tyson and Greg Linden January 2012 Contents 1 Introduction and summary 4 Federal support for research and development 12 U.S. business investment in R D 19 U.S. government support of business R D investments 22 Tax expenditures for the expensing of R D 25 The corporate R D tax credit 41 Assessing the effectiveness of the corporate R D tax credit 49 Improving the effectiveness of the corporate R D tax credit 60 Conclusion 62 About the .