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DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS - Principles and Paradigms

Computer systems are undergoing a revolution. From 1945, when the modem c;omputerera began, until about 1985, computers were large and expensive. Even minicomputers cost at least tens of thousands of dollars each. As a result, most organizations had only a handful of computers, and for lack of a way to connect them, these operated independently from one another. Starting around the the mid-1980s, however, two advances in technology began to change that situation. The first was the development of powerful microprocessors | DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS Principles akX PwaXîams Second Edition Andrew S.Tanenbaum Maarten Van Steen DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS Pywiplu akX PayaXî m s Second Edition About the Authors Andrew S. Tanenbaum has an S.B. degree from M.LT. and a Ph.D. from the University of California at Berkeley. He is currently a Professor of Computer Science at the Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam The Netherlands where he heads the Computer Systems Group. Until stepping down in Jan. 2005 for 12 years he had been Dean of the Advanced School for Computing and Imaging an interuniversity graduate school doing research on advanced parallel distributed and imaging systems. In the past. he has done research on compilers operating systems networking and local-area distributed systems. His current research focuses primarily on computer security especially in operating systems networks and large wide-area distributed systems. Together all these research projects have led to over 125 refereed papers in journals and conference proceedings and five books which have been translated into 21 languages. Prof. Tanenbaum has also produced a considerable volume of software. He was the principal architect of the Amsterdam Compiler Kit a toolkit for writing portable compilers as well as of MINIX a small UNIX clone aimed at very high reliability. It is available for free at www.minix3.org.This system provided the inspiration and base on which Linux was developed. He was also one of the chief designers of Amoeba and Globe. His Ph.D. students have gone on to greater glory after getting their degrees. He is very proud of them. In this respect he resembles a mother hen. Prof. Tanenbaum is a Fellow of the ACM a Fellow of the the IEEE and a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. He is also winner of the 1994 ACM Karl V. Karlstrom Outstanding Educator Award winner of the 1997 ACM SIGCSE Award for Outstanding Contributions to Computer Science Education and winner of the 2002 Texty award for excellence in