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Strategic Information Management phần 8

kể từ khi thương nhân không thể nắm bắt tất cả các thông tin thị trường về giao dịch truyền thống methods.28 Trong kinh doanh tài chính, ví dụ, điều quan trọng là phải biết ai là đấu thầu, người cung cấp và người đang được giao dịch với người mà. | The Information Technology-Organizational Design Relationship 433 Practitioner Fund holders and the competitive role of NHS Trusts. The distinction between purchaser and provider organization represents the emergence of the networked organization. District Health Authorities now purchase health services based on the health needs assessment of the community from a variety of sources. Provider organizations need to be more cost and quality conscious. In order for networks to exist close relationships must be built with both suppliers and buyers along what Porter 1985 refers to as the value system. Johnson and Lawrence 1988 have coined the term value-adding partnerships VAPs to describe such relationships which are more than just conventional electronic data interchange EDI links. They depend largely on the attitudes and practices of the participating managers. Asda Superstores and Procter and Gamble P G now cooperate with each other beyond sending just orders and invoices via EDI. For instance Asda now provide forecasting information to P G in an open way that was not previously management practice. In return P G are more responsive in meeting replenishment requirements. General Motors has renamed its purchasing department the supplier development department. For a network organization to exist it requires the capability of IT to facilitate communication and co-ordination among the various units. This is especially so when firms are operating in global markets. Further IT facilitates VAPs it does not create them. Strategic alliances Strategic alliances with both competitors and others in the industry value system are key strategies adopted by many organizations in the late 1980s Hamel et al. 1989 Nakomoto 1992 Ohmae 1989 . McKinsey s estimate that the rate of joint venture formation between US companies and international partners has been growing by 27 per cent since 1985 Ernst and Bleeke 1993 . Collaboration may be considered a low cost route for new companies to .