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fifty major economists a reference guide phần 4

này cũng phát triển cuộc khởi nghĩa của giai cấp công nhân, một lớp học không ngừng gia tăng với số lượng, và được đào tạo, thống nhất và tổ chức bởi cơ chế của quá trình sản xuất tư Tập trung của các phương tiện sản xuất và xã hội của lao động | More free books @ www.BingEbook.com KARL MARX this there also grows the revolt of the working class a class constantly increasing in numbers and trained united and organized by the very mechanism of the capitalist process of production. The centralization of the means of production and the socialization of labor reach a point at which they become incompatible with their capitalist integument. The integument is burst asunder. The knell of capitalist property sounds the expropriators are expropriated. Marx had little to say about economic life or the economic world after capitalism. He was clear that workers rather than capitalists would own the plants and factories used to produce goods and services. This is the traditional definition of a socialist economic system. It is also clear that Marx envisioned a more equal distribution of income and wealth under socialism than existed under capitalism. But beyond this there is nothing in the work of Marx. Yet even without a clear vision of the future Marx continued to inspire nineteenthcentury workers to organize and to rebel against capital oppression. With Adam Smith and John Maynard Keynes Marx must be regarded as one of the three greatest figures in the history of economics. Unlike Smith who primarily saw the benefits that would accrue from a free market capitalist economy Marx saw the dark side of capitalism and saw this as leading to its ultimate demise. And unlike Keynes who looked towards rational government policy to save capitalism Marx thought capitalists would buy out government officials. Politicians therefore would not put into place any policies such as unemployment insurance welfare systems maximum hours or minimum wages that might improve the condition of workers and keep class conflicts from becoming violent and revolutionary. Likewise Marx did not think government policy would be employed to keep unemployment down provide legal recognition for labor or help labor unions gain bargaining power. Yet many .