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ENVIRONMENTAL RESTORATION of METALSCONTAMINATED SOILS - CHAPTER 14 (end)

Áp dụng trên các vùng đất nông nghiệp là một phương pháp phổ biến cho việc xử lý bùn thải, nó đại diện cho cùng một lúc phân bón chi phí thấp. Tuy nhiên, nếu quá tải các chất ô nhiễm được giới thiệu với các ứng dụng của các cặn chất lượng thấp, điều này thực tế có thể tác động bất lợi | 14 Heavy-Metal Uptake by Agricultural Crops from Sewage-Sludge Treated Soils of the Upper Swiss Rhine Valley and the Effect of Time Catherine Keller Achim Kayser Armin Keller and Rainer Schulin CONTENTS 14.1 Introduction.273 14.2 Material and Methods.275 14.2.1 Geographic and Climatic Conditions at the Experimental Site.275 14.2.2 Experimental Setup and Crop Chronology.275 14.2.3 Soil and Plant Analysis.277 14.3 Results. 278 14.3.1 Heavy Metal Distribution and Migration in Soil.278 14.3.1.1 Effects of Sewage Sludge Treatments on Soil Properties - Aging Effect. 278 14.3.1.2 Effects of Sewage Sludge Treatments on Heavy Metal Concentrations and Binding - Aging Effect.278 14.3.1.3 Migration of Heavy Metals through the Soil Profile.279 14.3.2 Plant Uptake of Heavy Metals.281 14.3.2.1 Plant Uptake of Heavy Metals and Effects on Crop Production.281 14.3.2.2 Spatial Variability of Heavy Metal Contents in Plants.284 14.3.2.3 Changes Over Time.284 14.3.2.4 Plant-Soil Interactions Influence of Soil Factors on Heavy Metal Uptake by Crops.285 14.4 Discussion and Conclusion.286 14.4.1 Impact of the Waste and Sludge Applications on the Soil.286 14.4.2 Impact on Plants.288 Acknowledgment.289 References.289 14.1 Introduction Application on agricultural lands is a popular method for the disposal of sewage sludge as it represents at the same time a low-cost fertilizer. However if excessive loads of pollutants are introduced with the application of low-quality sludges this practice may adversely 273 2001 by CRC Press LLC 274 Environmental Restoration of Metals-Contaminated Soils TABLE 14.1 Quantities of Heavy Metal Present in Sewage Sludge and Their Transfer to Agriculture in 1989 and 1994 and Average Heavy Metal Concentrations Measured in 1989 in Switzerland Quantity in Sewage Sludge Concentrations in Sewage Sludge Soils Metal t-yr-1 t-yr-1 used in agriculture Weighted Mean g-t-1 DM Limit Values g-t-1 DM Guide Values g-t-1 DM 1989 1994 1994 1989 1992 Mo 1.5 1.2 52 7.0 20 5 Cd 0.9 0.5