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Insurance and stability the reform of insurance regulation
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Insurance and stability the reform of insurance regulation
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The structure of health systems and PHI roles influence differences in access to health care by insurance status. In OECD countries with no observed waiting times for elective surgery – such as the United States, France, Switzerland, Japan, Belgium and Germany – all insured individuals enjoy timely access to care irrespective of whether their main form of coverage is public or private health insurance. These countries generally include insurance-based systems (public or private), where money follows the patient, specialists are paid fee-for-service rather than on the basis of salaries, and there are lower overall constraints on activity than occurs in health systems with tighter caps on. | 2 Executive summary The design of insurance regulation appropriate to the enhancement of financial stability requires a profound understanding of the role of insurance in the financial system and economy. Insurance contributes to economic welfare growth and stability by pooling the risks of individual policyholders providing them with protection against the financial consequences of various perils. Regulation should be designed so as not to hamper this basic function of insurance. The way in which the failure of an insurer affects the financial system and economy differs fundamentally from a banking failure. Unlike banks insurers do not take deposits and do not play a role in the monetary or payment systems. Redemption funding or credit risk leading to problems for other financial institutions are not issues when a classic insurer fails. Classic insurers therefore do not present a systemic risk and as a consequence are neither too big nor too interconnected to fail . A failing classic insurer can be unwound in an orderly manner whilst protecting the claims of its policyholders. Indeed in many jurisdictions e.g. in the US small policyholders are protected by an insurance guarantee fund. Thus government financial support to prevent failure for instance by injecting capital or liquidity is not required. The resilience of the sector could be increased by measures to reduce the potential mismatch between an insurer s volatile assets which depend on financial market conditions and inflexible liabilities which are based on the statistical properties of the insured risks. Insurers that engage in non-classic activities such as insuring financial risk for example by selling credit default swaps however may become a threat to the stability of the financial system. This can be avoided by applying adequate risk-based capital requirements to all the risks of an insurance group both classic insurance risks and financial risks . To enforce such comprehensive risk-based capital .
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