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Surgical complications - part 3

inframammary lần trước khi để cắt bỏ vú, chó tai có thể là các trang web cho candidal / nấm men nhiễm trùng tái phát. Nhiều phương pháp phẫu thuật đã được đề nghị để ngăn ngừa hoặc loại bỏ vấn đề con chó tai. | 180 L. A. Newman V. K. Sondak inframammary fold prior to mastectomy dog-ears can be the site for recurrent candidal yeast infections. Numerous surgical approaches have been recommended to either prevent or eliminate the dog-ear problem. One option is to bring the redundant axillary tissue forward and create a T or Y configuration at the lateral aspect of the transverse mastectomy incision.52 Alternatively the redundant axillary skin and fatty tissue can be resected either by elongating the standard elliptical mastectomy wound or by utilising a broad tear-drop incision with the point of the tear-drop oriented medially.53 54 COMPLICATIONS SPECIFIC TO LUMPECTOMY PROCEDURES Breastfibrosis breast lymphedema and chronic recurrent breast cellulitis The satisfaction with the final cosmetic result achieved by breast conservation therapy is difficult to define and there may be dramatic differences in the perception of the surgeon and the patient. Ultimately the acceptability must be in accord with the aesthetic standards of the patient and the role of the surgeon is to advise the patient regarding the probable long-term appearance. Several features influence the final result including the extent of breast volume resected radiation-related fibrosis infectious and or hemorrhagic complications and the ratio of the primary breast tumour size versus breast size. The presence of long-term adverse sequelae related to breast conservation therapy for cancer is increasingly being acknowledged and reported.55 56 These complications are secondary to the combined tissue effects of surgery and radiation therapy. The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of cancer and the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group have proposed that the late effects of breast conservation therapy including breast oedema fibrosis and atrophy retraction be graded according to the Late Effects of Normal Tissue-Subjective Objective Management and Analytic LENT-SOMA scales.57 The LENT-SOMA system stratifies .