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Dynamic and Mobile GIS: Investigating Changes in Space and Time - Chapter 10

Những năm vừa qua đã tiết lộ một sự quan tâm đáng kể tăng trong việc sử dụng Hệ thống thông tin di động dẫn địa lý (GIS) trong các ứng dụng khác nhau của ô tô. Xe sử dụng hệ thống định vị bản đồ kỹ thuật số để hướng dẫn lái xe đến đích mong muốn. Thế hệ tiếp theo hệ thống hỗ trợ lái xe sẽ tăng cường sử dụng bản đồ để trình bày gợi ý chuyển hướng chính xác (bao gồm cả giới hạn tốc độ, vị trí của các trạm xăng, nhà hàng, vv.),. | Chapter 10 Map Matching for Vehicle Guidance Britta Hummel University of Karlsruhe Germany 10.1 Introduction The past years have revealed a dramatically increasing interest in the use of mobile Geographical Information Systems GIS in various automotive applications. Car navigation systems employ digital maps to guide the driver to the desired destination. Next-generation driver assistance systems will use enhanced maps in order to present precise navigation hints including speed limits locations of gas stations restaurants etc. and for assisted vehicle control. Furthermore methods for autonomous enhancements of existing maps using video and lidar sensors are currently under development. An exhaustive overview of potential applications for upcoming mobile GI systems can be found in Chapter 2. All applications share the need for a robust assignment of the measured vehicle position to a road segment in the digital map. This process is called map matching. Since the emergence of the field in the 1970s French 1989 considerable progress has been reported cf. the surveying articles of Bernstein and Kornhauser 1998 White et al. 2000 Quddus et al. 2003 and Lakakis et al. 2004 . However users of navigation systems still encounter some erroneous map matching results. On the contrary manufacturers increasingly aim for a simple architecture of navigation systems. Hence a growing number of navigation systems do not rely on multiple vehicle sensors such as a combination of DGPS odometer and gyro but instead restrict themselves to GPS only. This is necessarily true for the newly evolving PDA Personal Digital Assistant navigation systems which are identified in Chapter 1 as key devices for next-generation GIS as well as for low cost in-car navigation solutions. In this chapter a robust map matching algorithm is presented which exclusively relies upon information from a standard GPS receiver however the integration of data from an integrated GPS dead-reckoning unit is .