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Báo cáo khoa học: " Evidence for a novel gene associated with human influenza A viruses"

Tuyển tập báo cáo các nghiên cứu khoa học quốc tế ngành y học dành cho các bạn tham khảo đề tài: Evidence for a novel gene associated with human influenza A viruses | Virology Journal BioMed Central Research Evidence for a novel gene associated with human influenza A viruses Monica Clifford James Twigg and Chris Upton Open Access Address Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology University of Victoria Victoria BC V8W 3P6 Canada Email Monica Clifford - mcliffor@uvic.ca James Twigg - jtwigg@uvic.ca Chris Upton - cupton@uvic.ca Corresponding author Published 16 November 2009 Received 15 October 2009 Accepted 16 November 2009 Virology Journal 2009 6 198 doi l0.ll86 I743-422X-6-I98 This article is available from http www.virologyj.com content 6 1 198 2009 Clifford et al licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http creativecommons.org licenses by 2.0 which permits unrestricted use distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Background Influenza A virus genomes are comprised of 8 negative strand single-stranded RNA segments and are thought to encode 1 1 proteins which are all translated from mRNAs complementary to the genomic strands. Although human swine and avian influenza A viruses are very similar cross-species infections are usually limited. However antigenic differences are considerable and when viruses become established in a different host or if novel viruses are created by re-assortment devastating pandemics may arise. Results Examination of influenza A virus genomes from the early 20th Century revealed the association of a 167 codon ORF encoded by the genomic strand of segment 8 with human isolates. Close to the timing of the 1948 pseudopandemic a mutation occurred that resulted in the extension of this ORF to 2l6 codons. Since l948 this ORF has been almost totally maintained in human influenza A viruses suggesting a selectable biological function. The discovery of cytotoxic T cells responding to an epitope encoded by this ORF suggests that it is translated into protein. Evidence