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Racial and Ethnic Disparities in U.S. Health Care: A Chartbook

Health literacy is “the degree to which individuals can obtain, process, and understand the basic health information and services they need to make appropriate health decisions.” It represents a constellation of skills necessary for people to function effectively in the health care environment and act appropriately on health care information. These skills include the ability to interpret documents, read and write prose (print literacy), use quantitative information (numeracy), and speak and listen effectively (oral literacy). Low health literacy is a significant problem in the United States. In 2003, approximately 80 million adults in the United States (36 percent) had limited health. | Racial and Ethnic Disparities in U.S. Health Care A Chartbook Holly Mead Lara Cartwright-Smith Karen Jones Christal Ramos Kristy Woods and Bruce Siegel Racial and Ethnic Disparities in U.S. Health Care A Chartbook Holly Mead Lara Cartwright-Smith Karen Jones Christal Ramos and Bruce Siegel Department of Health Policy School of Public Health and Health Services The George Washington University Kristy Woods Maya Angelou Research Center on Minority Health Wake Forest University School of Medicine March 2008 Support for this research was provided by The Commonwealth Fund. The views presented here are those of the authors and not necessarily those of The Commonwealth Fund or its directors officers or staff. This and other Fund publications are available online at www.commonwealthfund.org. To learn more about new publications when they become available visit the Fund s Web site and register to receive e-mail alerts. Commonwealth Fund pub. no. 1111. 3 Contents About the Authors Acknowledgments.6 Technical Notes.7 Chapter 1 Introduction.8 Chapter 2 The Demographics of America.10 Chart 2-1 United States Population.12 Chart 2-2 Projected Population of the United States.13 Chart 2-3 Low-Income Status.14 Chart 2-4 Median Family Income.15 Chart 2-5 Educational Attainment.16 Chart 2-6 Language Proficiency.17 Chart 2-7 Median Age.18 Chapter 3 Disparities in Health Status and Mortality.19 Chart 3-1 Health Status.24 Chart 3-2 Chronic Condition or Disability.25 Chart 3-3 Chronic Conditions and Poverty.26 Chart 3-4 Life Expectancy.27 Chart 3-5 Infant Mortality.28 Chart 3-6 Infant Mortality by Birthplace of Mother.29 Chart 3-7 Obesity.30 Chart 3-8 Smoking.31 Chart 3-9 Diabetes.32 Chart 3-10 Chart 3-11 Chart 3-12 Chart 3-13 Chart 3-14 Chart 3-15 Cardiovascular Disease. Mortality from Heart Disease Breast Cancer. Colorectal Cancer. Prostate Cancer. Cervical Cancer. 33 .