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Managing Ponds for Recreational Fishing

Many important sport fish species strongly connected with the coastal wetlands include northern pike, muskellunge, largemouth bass, smallmouth bass, bluegill, yellow perch, white crappie, black crappie, channel catfish, black bullhead, brown bullhead, carp and bowfin (Raphael and Jaworski 1979; Jude and Pappas 1992). Structural diversity of the wetlands are represented by vegetation, submergent, floating and emergency important to many fish. | Table of Contents Introduction.1 Pond Construction.1 Preparing a Pond for Stocking.2 Stocking a Pond with Fish.4 Fish Production.7 Fishing the Pond.9 Pond Liming and Fertilization.11 Water Quality.16 Dissolved Oxygen.17 pH. 17 Alkalinity and Hardness.18 Aquatic Vegetation Control.18 Winter Drawdown.19 Mechanical.19 Herbicides.20 Biological Control.20 Miscellaneous Problems and Considerations.22 Fish Mortality.22 Pesticide or Toxic Pollutant Exposure .23 Parasites and Diseases.24 Muddy Water.24 Artificial Fish Feeds.26 Alligators.27 Snakes.27 Turtles.27 Beavers and Other Problem Mammals .28 Livestock.28 Water Birds.29 Appendix A Glossary.30 Appendix B Agencies to Contact Concerning Fish Ponds.32 Introduction FISHING is one of the most popular participation sports in South Carolina and interest continues to grow. A recent survey by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service showed that over 609 000 anglers participate in some form of freshwater fishing in South Carolina and contributed nearly 1.2 billion to the state s economy an indication that fishermen will spend considerable time and money to enjoy their sport. While the majority of this angling effort occurs in public waters the state abounds in privately-owned fish ponds which when properly managed provide excellent fishing near home for a reasonable cost. But good fishing in ponds seldom just happens it takes careful planning and management. This publication provides South Carolina pond owners with guidance to increase their pond s potential to produce quality fishing year after year. A properly managed fish pond can provide hours of angling enjoyment as well as aesthetic value. SCDNR Education Pond Construction A prudent person would not start building a house without first designing and planning a structure that suits his needs. A prospective pond owner should likewise plan a pond that is located suitably designed and built properly and that satisfies his fishing requirements. A number of considerations and