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all about particles - part 2

Phần lớn các danh từ trong tiếng Nhật có thể trở thành thể lịch sự bằng cách thêm o- hoặc go- làm tiền tố. o- thường được dùng cho các từ có nguồn gốc tiếng Nhật bản ngữ còn go- được đưa vào tiền tố các từ có gốc Hán | 24 GA 5. Used at the end of the sentence. Note These usages are essentially the same as those in II-4 above except that the second clause isn t stated outright. Words in brackets show only one of various imaginable contexts. a Implies an unstated meaning that is in contrast to the one stated Well yes but. . Ossharu koto wa mottomo desuga . What you say is quite right but. it s difficult to implement now . b Softens a refusal I am sorry but. . Buchõ wa ima kaigi-chủ degozaimasuga. The division chief is in a meeting now . so you ll have to wait to see him 6. When used at the end of a sentence or clause and preceded by to ii indicates that the speaker wants the event to come out as stated. Context determines whether or not the wish is actually realizable it would be nice if it would have been nice if. Rainen gaikoku e ryokõ dekiru to ii ga dame no ỵõ desu. It would be nice if I could make a trip abroad next year but it seems as though I can t seems impossible . Hayaku haruga kuru to ii-n daga . It would be nice if spring came soon. 1 hope spring comes soon. ND GA 25 Kanojoga dokushin da to ii-n daga . I hope she is single. I Or knowing that she is not I wish she were single. 7. Used idiomatically after contrastive verbs or adjectives whether or not. a After the -Õ forms of contrastive verbs or adjectives. 9 ỹE0 Ò tto ỉ V ỉ -ử lo Watashi wa tasukarõ ga shinõ ga kamaimasen. I don t care whether I live lit. am saved or die. 2 6 9 9 w Atsukarõ ga samukarõ ga watashi wa daiịõbu desu. I m all right it doesn t bother me whether it s hot or cold. b After the -Ỡ and -mai forms of the same verb. Watashi ga ikõ ga ikumai go anata ni wa kankei nai koto desu. Whether I go or not has nothing to do with you is not your concern . 15 ỉi ioặIJhUFOfc Tanaka-san ga shinjiyo ga shinjimai ga boku wa hakkiri to yufo 0 mimashita. Whether Tanaka believes it or not I clearly saw a UFO. 26 MO 8. Used in the expression V ga hayai ka. as soon as no sooner had. __ _ Ỳ