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RENAL TRANSPLANTATION – UPDATES AND ADVANCES

Bioaccessible unabsorbed polyphenols may play a role in the protection of the GI tract against RONS prior to their fecal excretion. In contrast to native polyphenols, less data exists on the antioxidant activity of bioavailable polyphenol phase II metabolites (conjugated derivatives). Despite the variable and overall relatively poor bioavailability of polyphenols (concentrations range between high nanomolar and low micromolar in human plasma and organs), polyphenols have been reported to be more efficient than vitamin C, vitamin E and carotenoids (concentration ranges between high micromolar and low millimolar in human plasma and organs) against oxidative stress at tissue levels. | RENAL TRANSPLANTATION - UPDATES AND ADVANCES Edited by Layron Long INTECHWEB.ORG Renal Transplantation - Updates and Advances Edited by Layron Long Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9 51000 Rijeka Croatia Copyright 2012 InTech All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license which allows users to download copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes as long as the author and publisher are properly credited which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. After this work has been published by InTech authors have the right to republish it in whole or part in any publication of which they are the author and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. As for readers this license allows users to download copy and build upon published chapters even for commercial purposes as long as the author and publisher are properly credited which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. Notice Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials instructions methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Adriana Pecar Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer InTech Design Team First published February 2012 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Renal Transplantation - Updates and Advances Edited by Layron Long p. cm. ISBN 978-953-51-0173-4 INTECH open science I open minds free online editions of InTech Books .