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The Tourniquet Manual: Principles and Practice - part 9

Có hai loại đồ ép cho máu cầm lại: những thổi phồng bằng cách bơm trực tiếp tay và những người được thổi phồng "tự động" bởi sự chuyển động của một công tắc điều khiển không khí hoặc khí supply.1 là điều cần thiết để đảm bảo rằng vòng bít được bơm căng một cách nhanh chóng để ngăn chặn tĩnh mạch tắc nghẽn. | This page intentionally left blank The pneumatic tourniquet includes a pressure source pressure gauge regulator and inflatable cuff Figure 7.1 . There are two types of tourniquet those inflated by direct hand-pumping and those that are inflated automatically by the movement of a switch that controls an air or gas supply.1 It is essential to ensure that the cuff is inflated rapidly to prevent venous congestion. Figure 7.1 Components of an automatic tourniquet control unit. Reproduced with permission from Lippincott Williams Wilkins from Hurst LN Weiglein O Brown WE Campbell GJ 1981 . The pneumatic tourniquet a biomechanical and electrophysiological study. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 648-652. 7.1 Design of the Tourniquet Cuff Generally the cuff is composed of one or two rectangular inflatable pneumatic bags made of rubber on plastic. These are enclosed in a cover of cloth or plastic together with a firm backing sheet known as a spine Figure 7.2 . The pneumatic bags are inflated from a hand pump or a regulated source of compressed air via connecting tubes and links. A strapping mechanism is provided to retain the tourniquet in place on the arm or leg. Figure 7.2 Diagram of a tourniquet cuff. The Tourniquet Manual @ @ o 7.2 Hand-powered Tourniquets A sphygmomanometer bulb or bicycle pump can be used for inflation. This type of tourniquet has the virtue of simplicity. It is not possible to preset a pressure. It is unlikely that accidental overinflation will occur since the tourniquet is inflated with a deliberate pumping action. The pressure gauge is of an aneroid type Figure 7.3 . The gauge must be maintained carefully since it is vulnerable to knocks and is damaged readily. Displacement of the pin at the end of the range of pressure measurements has resulted in gross overinflation of the cuff.2 Figure 7.3 Diagram of a Bourdon gauge commonly used with tourniquet equipment. Reprinted with permission from the BMJ Publishing Group from Hallett J 1983 . Inaccurate .