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Mechanical Engineer´s Handbook P35

PART 2 SYSTEMS AND CONTROLS CHAPTER 26 SYSTEMS ENGINEERING: ANALYSIS, DESIGN, AND INFORMATION PROCESSING FOR ANALYSIS AND DESIGN Andrew P. Sage School of Information Technology and Engineering George Mason University Fairfax, Virginia 26.1 26.2 INTRODUCTION THESYSTEMLIFECYCLE AND FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING SYSTEMS ENGINEERING OBJECTIVES SYSTEMSENGINEERING METHODOLOGY AND METHODS 26.4.1 Issue Formulation 26.4.2 Issue Analysis 26.4.3 Information Processing by Humans and Organizations 26.4.4 Interpretation 26.4.5 The Central Role of Information in Systems Engineering 763 26.5 765 770 26.3 26.4 771 771 775 779 782 783 SYSTEMDESIGN 26.5.1 The Purposes of Systems Design 26.5.2 Operational Environments and Decision Situation Models 26.5.3 The Development of Aids for the Systems Design Process 26.5.4 Leadership. | PART 2 SYSTEMS AND CONTROLS CHAPTER 26__ SYSTEMS ENGINEERING ANALYSIS DESIGN AND INFORMATION PROCESSING FOR ANALYSIS AND DESIGN Andrew P. Sage School of Information Technology and Engineering George Mason University Fairfax Virginia 26.1 INTRODUCTION 763 26.5 SYSTEM DESIGN 784 26.5.1 The Purposes of Systems 26.2 THE SYSTEM LIFE CYCLE Design 784 AND FUNCTIONAL 26.5.2 Operational Environments ELEMENTS OF SYSTEMS and Decision Situation ENGINEERING 765 Models 785 26.5.3 The Development of Aids 26.3 SYSTEMS ENGINEERING for the Systems Design OBJECTIVES 770 Process 786 26.5.4 Leadership Requirements 26.4 SYSTEMS ENGINEERING for Design 789 METHODOLOGY AND 26.5.5 System Evaluation 790 METHODS 771 26.5.6 Evaluation Test Instruments 791 26.4.1 Issue Formulation 771 26.4.2 Issue Analysis 775 26.6 CONCLUSIONS 792 26.4.3 Information Processing by Humans and Organizations 779 26.4.4 Interpretation 782 26.4.5 The Central Role of Information in Systems Engineering 783 26.1 INTRODUCTION Systems engineering is a management technology. Technology involves the organization and delivery of science for the presumed betterment of humankind. Management involves the interaction of the organization and the humans in the organization with the environment. Here we interpret environment in a very general sense to include the complete external milieu surrounding individuals and organizations. Hence systems engineering as a management technology involves three ingredients science organizations and their environments. Information and knowledge is ubiquitous throughout systems engineering and management efforts and is in reality a fourth ingredient. Systems engineering is thus seen to involve science organizations and humans environments technologies and information and knowledge. The process of systems engineering involves working with clients in order to assist them in the organization of information and knowledge to aid in judgment and choice of activities. These activities .