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Focus on advanced english C.A.E part 22

Each section carries approximately equal marks. Before the exam it's a good idea to experiment to find out which questions take you longer to answer You may find, for example, that you can do a lexical doze exercise or an error correction task quite quickly, while a discourse doze takes longer When you take the exam, make sure you plan your time well so that you can give the necessary amount of time to each section. | GRAMMAR FILE 3 Relative clauses with prepositions If a defining or non-defining relative clause contains a verb with a dependent preposition this preposition is usually placed at the end of the clause e.g. There s the house that we used to live in. The President who I spoke to yesterday is very concerned. In more formal English the preposition can be placed at the beginning of the clause. In this case the relative pronoun which or whom must be used. e.g. There s the house in which we used to live. The President to whom I spoke yesterday is very concerned. See Study Box page 188 for more examples of relative clauses with prepositions. Reported speech 1 Reporting statements To report what someone said we use a reporting verb followed by a that clause. In informal speech and writing that may be omitted. e.g. She said she had been to an interview. I told you I d be late. There is a list of reporting verbs which can be used with that clauses on page 155. 2 Reporting questions Note Reported questions use normal word order and do not have question marks. 2.1 Yes no questions To report a yes no question we normally use ask followed by an if clause or a whether clause. Yes no questions with or are usually reported with whether clauses. e.g. They asked if we had any children. I asked whether you wanted tea or coffee. There is a list of other verbs which can be used with if and whether clauses on page 155. 2.2 wh questions To report a wh question we use the wh word followed by the reported clause. e.g. She asked why she had to pay a deposit. He wanted to know where the bank was. There is a list of verbs which can be used in this structure on page 155. 3 Reporting advice orders requests suggestions etc. 3.1 To report an order request etc. which has been made to someone we can use a to infinitive clause. e.g. He told me to wait in the queue. I asked her to switch off the central heating. Her doctor advised her to stop smoking. Other reporting verbs which can be used with this .