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Spinal Disorders: Fundamentals of Diagnosis and Treatment Part 10

Spinal Disorders: Fundamentals of Diagnosis and Treatment Part 10. Spinal disorders are among the most common medical conditions with significant impact on health related quality of life, use of health care resources and socio-economic costs. Spinal surgery is still one of the fastest growing areas in clinical medicine. | Biomechanics of the Spine Chapter 2 65 44. Lavender SA Tsuang YH Andersson GBJ 1992 Trunk muscle cocontraction the effects of moment direction and moment magnitude. J Orthop Res 10 691 -670 45. Liu YK Goel VK Dejong A Njus G Nishiyama K Buckwaiter J 1985 Torsional fatigue of the lumbar intervertebral joints. Spine 10 894-900 46. Lorenz M Patwardhan A Vanderby R Jr. 1983 Load-bearing characteristics of lumbar facets in normal and surgically altered spinal segments. Spine 8 122-130 47. Lumsden RM Morris JM 1968 An in vivo study of axial rotation and immobilization at the lumbosacral joint. J Bone Joint Surg Am 50 1591-1602 48. Macintosh JE Bogduk N Pearcy MJ 1993 The effects of flexion on the geometry and actions of the lumbar erector spinae. Spine 18 884-893 49. Malko JA Hutton WC Fajman WA 2002 An in vivo MRI study of the changes in volume and fluid content of the lumbar intervertebral disc after overnight bed rest and during an 8-hour walking protocol. J Spinal Disord Tech 15 157-163 50. Marchand F Ahmed AM 1990 Investigation of the laminate structure of lumbar disc anu-lus fibrosus. Spine 15 402-410 51. Mayer TG Tencer AF Kristoferson S Mooney V 1984 Use of noninvasive techniques for quantification of spinal range-of-motion in normal subjects and chronic low-back dysfunction patients. Spine 9 588-595 52. McBroom RJ Hayes WC Edwards WT Goldberg RP White AA III 1985 Prediction ofver-tebral body compressive fracture using quantitative computed tomography. J Bone Joint Surg Am 67 1206-1214 53. McGill SM Santaguida L Stevens J 1993 Measurement of the trunk musculature from T5 to L5 using MRI scans of 15 young males corrected for muscle fiber orientation. Clin Bio-mech 8 171-178 54. McGlashen KM Miller JA Schultz AB Andersson GB 1987 Load displacement behavior of the human lumbo-sacral joint. J Orthop Res 5 488-496 55. McMillan DW Garbutt G Adams MA 1996 Effect of sustained loading on the water content of intervertebral discs implications for disc metabolism. Ann Rheum