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Longman grammar of spoken and written english part 66

Tham khảo tài liệu 'longman grammar of spoken and written english part 66', ngoại ngữ, ngữ pháp tiếng anh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Linking adverbial 889 A When we had the er - ITV you know over Christmas it said in there it was on Central but when I turned it on it wasn t at all. Anyway we ll see. conv A Chris Jones over in Chester office see if that one would oh mind you there isn t a chair there is there Mind you is Jonathan away B There s this chair here. Jonathan s not here. A is Jonathan away C Yes two day - a day and a half or something two days A Right. So you know there s desks around anyway that you could use. conv With anyway as well as so the functions of linking adverbials become closely connected with the functions of discourse markers these have interactional functions but lose the lexical content of adverbials. 10.4.3.2 Stylistic preferences for linking adverbials In academic prose individual author preferences are also influential in the choices among linking adverbials. To mark contrast however is uniformly preferred. However choices among the result adverbials therefore thus and hence and the appositional adverbials or example for instance and e.g. exhibit more variability by author. CORPUS FINDINGS 1 Hence therefore and thus show marked distributions in their use across texts Most occurrences of hence over 70 are in a few academic texts c. one fifth of all academic prose texts . - Most academic texts show a clear preference for either thus or therefore usually using one choice at least twice as often as the other. For example is by far the most common appositional linking adverbial in academic prose but the use of for instance and e.g. varies greatly by text r- Most occurrences of e.g. over 80 are in a few academic texts c. one fifth of all academic prose texts . Most occurrences of for instance over 60 are also in a few academic texts c. one tenth of all academic prose texts . DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS Therefore thus and hence are in most cases interchangeable. For example in the following samples any of the three linking adverbials could be used with no change in meaning . .