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The grammar of the english verb phrase part 112

Tham khảo tài liệu 'the grammar of the english verb phrase part 112', ngoại ngữ, ngữ pháp tiếng anh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 770 Glossary Conjugation the phenomenon that a lexical verb can be used in a number of different forms expressing such notions as person number singular or plural tense and grammatical aspect e.g. work works worked will work has worked is working etc. Constituent negation or narrow scope negation i. e. negation which has only one constituent of the clause in its scope e. g. I told her nothing about it It wasn t John who was responsible . Constitution reading or constitution interpretation particular type of up-to-now reading of a clause in the present perfect namely that reading in which the speaker focuses on the situational constitution of the pre-present zone and not only on the temporal location of a situation in that zone. The speaker as it were looks back on the pre-present to measure it e.g. Nearly a year has gone by since then or to see how this period has been filled situationwise e.g. What have you been doing How many times have you met him in the past week . Contain verb indicating the temporal relation of containment that holds between the time of the full situation and the situation time or between an Advtime time indicated by an adverbial like yesterday and a situation time or other binding time . The temporal relation in question may be one of strict coincidence or proper inclusion. Thus in At five o clock I was jogging the Adv-time contains the situation time in terms of coincidence and the time of the full situation is interpreted as including the punctual situation time. In I was there from two to four o clock the Adv-time indicated by a bounding bifunctional temporal adverbial coincides with the situation time and because it is bounded the time of the full situation also coincides with the situation time. In both these examples the Adv-time thus contains the situation time in the sense that the two coincide with each other in contrast in John left yesterday the Adv-time contains the situation time in terms of inclusion. See also containment. .