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An Introduction to International Varieties of English

Grateful acknowledgement is made to the following sources for permission to reproduce material in this book previously published elsewhere. Every effort has been made to trace copyright holders, but if any have been inadvertently overlooked the publisher will be pleased to make the necessary arrangement at the first opportunity. | An Introduction to International Varieties of English Laurie Bauer Edinburgh University Press 01 pages i-viii prelims 6/8/02 1:25 pm Page i An Introduction to International Varieties of English Laurie Bauer Edinburgh University Press 01 pages i-viii prelims 6/8/02 1:25 pm Page ii © Laurie Bauer, 2002 Edinburgh University Press Ltd 22 George Square, Edinburgh Typeset in Janson by Norman Tilley Graphics and printed and bound in Great Britain by MPG Books Ltd, Bodmin, Cornwall A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0 7486 1337 4 (hardback) ISBN 0 7486 1338 2 (paperback) The right of Laurie Bauer to be identified as author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Disclaimer: Some images in the original version of this book are not available for inclusion in the eBook. 01 pages i-viii prelims 6/8/02 1:25 pm Page iii Contents Acknowledgements v Abbreviations and conventions used in the text vi To readers vii 1 Background notions 1 1.1 Accent, dialect, language and variety 2 1.2 Home and colony 4 1.3 Colonial lag 5 1.4 Dialect mixing 6 Exercises 11 Recommendations for reading 12 2 English becomes a world language 13 2.1 The spread of English 13 2.2 Models of English 19 2.3 English in Scotland and Ireland 25 Exercises 28 Recommendations for reading 29 3 Vocabulary 32 3.1 Borrowing 33 3.2 Coining 40 3.3 The results 42 Exercises 44 Recommendations for reading 45 4 Grammar 46 4.1 Morphology 46 4.2 Syntax 48 4.3 Discussion 58 Exercises 59 Recommendations for reading 60 01 pages i-viii prelims 6/8/02 1:25 pm Page iv iv INTERNATIONAL VARIETIES OF ENGLISH 5 Spelling 61 5.1 Lexical distributional differences 62 5.2 Variation in the system 62 5.3 Conclusion 66 Exercises 67 Recommendations for reading 68 6 Pronunciation 69 6.1 Describing varieties of English 69 6.2 Input varieties 71 6.3 Influences from contact languages 73 6.4 Influences from other colonies 74 6.5 Influences from later immigrants 75 .