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The Office Market, and the Labor Market

Employment Decentralization, “edge” cities. | MIT Center for Real Estate Week 5: Employment Decentralization, “edge” cities. • Measuring Decentralization, space versus jobs. • Wages, the urban labor market and the incentive for decentralization. • Local agglomeration, clustering, transportation infrastructure, planning and other “limits to sprawl”. MIT Center for Real Estate National % of office space in CBD as opposed to Suburbs (source: CBRE) MIT Center for Real Estate Washington D.C.: City and Suburban Office Space (source: CBRE) 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 1950 1953 1956 1959 1962 1965 1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 District of Columbia Suburban Maryland Northern Virginia MIT Center for Real Estate Decentralization “flattens” the cumulative W.D.C. spatial distribution of office space. [Source: geo-coded building data, CBRE] Percent of Stock 120% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 M iles out from Center 1980 2002 MIT Center for Real Estate The Distribution of Office Using Jobs Across The NY CMSA [Source: Employment Zip file, 1999] 120% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 72 78 84 90 96 102 108 Information, Real Estate, Professional Services Finance Management of Companies, A dministrative Services MIT Center for Real Estate Figure 7: Los Angeles Spatial Distributions Employment Population 1 .75 .5 .25 Cummulative Employment and Population (%) Cummulative Employment and Population 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Distance from Center of the CBD (miles) MIT Center for Real Estate Figure 6: New York Spatial Distributions Employment Population 1 .75 .5 .25 Cummulative Employment and Population (%) Cummulative Employment 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 Distance from Center of the CBD (miles) MIT Center for Real Estate b Concentration = ∫ e(t) dt 0 b Where: e(t): cumulative fraction of jobs (population) at distance t b: distance at which 98% of population live. Figure 8: Employment and Population Centralization