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Digital Signal Processing Handbook P11

Digital filters are widely used in processing digital signals of many diverse applications, including speech processing and data communications, image and video processing, sonar, radar, seismic and oil exploration, and consumer electronics. One class of digital filters, the linear shift-invariant (LSI) type, are the most frequently used because they are simple to analyze, design, and implement. This chapter treats the LSI case only; other filter types, such as adaptive filters, require quite different design methodologies | Karam L.J. McClellan J.H. Selesnick E.W. Burrus C.S. Digital Filtering Digital Signal Processing Handbook Ed. Vijay K. Madisetti and Douglas B. Williams Boca Raton CRC Press LLC 1999 @1999 by CRC Press LLC 11 Digital Filtering Lina J. Karam Arizona State University James H. McClellan Georgia Intitute of Technology Ivan W. Selesnick Polytechnic University C. Sidney Burrus Rice University 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Steps in Filter Design Creating the Design Specifications Specs Derived from Analog Filtering Specifying an Error Measure Selecting the Filter Type and Order Designing the Filter Realizing the Designed Filter 11.3 Classical Filter Design Methods FIR Design Methods IIR Design Methods 11.4 Other Developments in Digital Filter Design FIR Filter Design IIR Filter Design 11.5 Software Tools Filter Design Graphical User Interface GUI Filter Implementation References 11.1 Introduction Digital filters are widely used in processing digital signals of many diverse applications including speech processing and data communications image and video processing sonar radar seismic and oil exploration and consumer electronics. One class of digital filters the linear shift-invariant LSI type are the most frequently used because they are simple to analyze design and implement. This chapter treats the LSI case only other filter types such as adaptive filters require quite different design methodologies. An LSI digital filter can be uniquely identified in the time space domain by its impulse response h.n where n is an integer index . Alternatively the LSI digital filter can be uniquely characterized in the frequency domain by its frequency response H. where is a real-valued frequency variable in radians which is also the Discrete-Time Fourier Transform DTFT of the sequence h.n . LSI digital filters are of two main types Finite-duration Impulse Response FIR filters for which the impulse response h.n is non-zero for only a finite number of samples and Infinite-duration Impulse .